Soil organic matter chemistry. Part 1. Characterization of several humic preparations by proton and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Both laboratory and commercial preparations of humic substances (HSs) such as fulvic acids and humic acids along with HC1‐HF preparation of Manitoba peat soil organic matter were characterized using Fourier Transformation (FT) proton (¹H) and carbon‐13 (¹³C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. All the samples were dissolved in a solution of 0.4 N NaOD in D₂O. In the case of ‘H‐NMR spectroscopy, all the investigated humic samples displayed resonance absorption peaks in the region of 1–4 ppm indicating the likely presence of aliphatic protons in the preparations. However, with the exception of one fulvic acid preparation (extracted from Manitoba Carrol clay‐loam soil with 0.5 N NaOH), ¹H‐NMR spectra of all other samples provided evidence for strong aromatic character. The aliphatic and aromatic characteristics of such samples of HSs were further confirmed with the aid of ¹³C‐NMR spectra.     

高阶煤孔隙特征的低场核磁共振实验研究

研究孔裂隙特征对煤层中甲烷的产出及运移具有重要的意义。为了得到高阶煤的孔裂隙特征信息,采用低场核磁共振仪对高阶煤样做低场核磁共振实验,测得煤样的T2图谱,进一步分析得到了煤样的核磁渗透率、核磁孔隙度、可动流体饱和度、束缚流体饱和度以及孔径分布等参数的实验结果,并测出煤样的工业分析参数。分析结果得出:原煤中孔隙体积与煤的挥发分含量呈正比的关系;高阶煤孔隙发育而裂隙不发育,并且在孔隙中微孔和小孔占有较大的比例而中孔和大孔占有较少的比例;煤样渗透率与煤样内小孔和大孔所占的比例成正比,与煤样内微孔所占的比例成反比等结论。     

用17O核磁共振研究液态水的团簇结构

阐述了利用核磁共振谱线宽表征液态水团簇结构平均相对大小的原理 ,通过试验确定了以 17O核磁共振谱线宽作为衡量液态水团簇结构平均相对大小的指标 ,并以温度升高过程中液态水 17O NMR谱线宽的变化对该指标进行了初步的验证 .     

对硫磷的紫外光解研究

采用＾３１ＰＮＭＲ谱推测对硫磷的光解机理,拟合了对硫磷初级光解的动力学方程,详细地研究了光催化剂,酸度,溶解氧等因素对光解速率的影响。     

聚合硅酸硫酸铝溶液中铝的形态分布及转化规律

以硫酸铝、水玻璃和铝酸钠为原料合成出了具有不同碱化度(B)和si／Al摩尔比的聚合硅酸硫酸铝(PASS)混凝剂,用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法和^27Al NMR法研究了PASS中铝的形态分布．结果表明,Si／Al摩尔比对PASS形态的影响要小于B值的影响;在一定的B值和Si/Al摩尔比下,Alb成为PASS中铝的优势形态;PASS中Alb和Ferron试剂的反应遵循准一级反应规律,其Kb差异不大．     

NMR成像技术测试煤样渗吸过程中水分变化规律研究

外加水在渗吸过程中可以促进煤体瓦斯解吸，减小煤层瓦斯含量，从而减少瓦斯事故的发生频率。为了研究含瓦斯煤水分分布规律，采用NMR（核磁共振成像）技术，针对不含瓦斯煤进行定量外加水渗吸实验。研究结果表明:型煤中的水分主要受毛细管力和重力作用的影响；在自下向上吸水和自上向下吸水渗吸过程中，毛细管力作用相同，径向方向上水分扩散速度相近，但在轴向方向上的扩散速度具有明显差异，由于重力作用的影响，分别产生抑制和促进作用；水分三向扩散半径与时间符合朗格缪尔函数关系。     

Biodiesel synthesis and characterization using welted thistle plant (Carduus acanthoides) as source of new non-edible seed oil

In this work we applied base catalyzed transesterification to convert non-edible welted thistle oil (Carduus acanthoides) as new non-edible feedstock into biodiesel (Fatty acid methyl esters). The highest biodiesel yield of 88% was obtained using optimized reaction conditions of 70°C and 5:1 molar ratio (methanol:oil). The synthesized esters were characterize and confirmed by the application of NMR and FT-IR techniques. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy identified different fatty acids as palmatic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (18:2), arachidic acid (C20:0), eicosanic acid (C20:1), and erucic acid (C22:1) in the oil of welted thistle. Six corresponding methyl esters reported in welted thistle oil biodiesel includes 9-hexadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecadienoic acid, 11-eicosanoic acid, eicosanoic acid and 13-docosenoicacid. Fuel properties, such as density @40°C Kg/L (0.8470), kinematic viscosity @ 40°C c St (4.37), flash point (95°C), cloud point (+4°C), pour point (?5°C), and sulfur contents (0.0112% wt) of the biodiesel produced were compatible with American Society for Testing and Materials D 6751 specifications.     

固态聚合氯化铝的27Al NMR研究

聚合氯化铝(PAC)是一种水处理混凝剂,可为液态(PAC-L),也可浓缩成固体(PAC-S)、PAC-L在水中稀释时铝的形态的变化已用~(27)Al核磁共振法(NMR)进行了研究。本工作试图用~(27)Al NMR法对PAC-S及其在水中溶解稀释物中铝的形态进行研究,以探讨固化对PAC及其在水中铝的形态的影响。     

Dynamic behaviour of 1-aminopropan-2-one in sewage: a preliminary synthetic and spectroscopic study

A preliminary investigation of the solution phase behaviour of the biomarker compound 1-aminopropan-2-one (APR) using NMR spectroscopy was carried out. This was achieved, in part, by synthesis of APR with¹³C-enrichment in the methylene position. In this paper, we report that this biomarker undergoes H/D exchange with D₂O, probably via an enol intermediate. In addition, use of¹³C-enriched APR enabled its detection by¹³C NMR spectroscopy at environmentally relevant concentrations.     

Monofluorinated analogues of polychlorinated biphenyls (F-PCBs): synthesis using the Suzuki-coupling, characterization, specific properties and intended use

An improved method, a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction the so-called Suzuki-coupling, was used to synthesize 19 monofluorinated analogues (F-PCBs) of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), including analogues of PCBs 28, 52 and 81. The coupling of chlorinated and/or fluorinated isomers of aryl boronic acids with bromo- and/or iodobenzenes gave the desired F-PCB congeners in good to excellent yields. The self-coupling product of the aryl boronic acids was the major impurity, but this limitation could be minimized. The influence of ortho-substitution by chlorine on the reaction time was studied in detail. The F-PCBs were characterized by means of ¹H and ¹⁹F NMR and mass spectrometry (MS). F-PCBs show remarkably similar characteristics in many aspects to those of the corresponding non-fluorinated parent PCBs. Since fluorine is generally resistant to degradation, once incorporated into a substrate it functions as an indelible label that can be used to monitor structures and dynamics. F-PCBs may prove their usefulness as markers and tracers in mechanistic and toxicological studies. The aim of further research will be to test the suitability of fluorine as a sensitive probe in a broad range of applications, including synthesis, analytical, mechanistic and toxicological studies.