Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a subtropical coastal embayment (Moreton Bay,Australia)

Surface water methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) concentrations and fluxes were investigated in two subtropical coastal embayments (Bramble Bay and Deception Bay, which are part of the greater Moreton Bay, Australia). Measurements were done at 23 stations in seven campaigns covering different seasons during 2010–2012. Water–air fluxes were estimated using the Thin Boundary Layer approach with a combination of wind and currents-based models for the estimation of the gas transfer velocities. The two bays were strong sources of both CH₄ and N₂O with no significant differences in the degree of saturation of both gases between them during all measurement campaigns. Both CH₄ and N₂O concentrations had strong temporal but minimal spatial variability in both bays. During the seven seasons, CH₄ varied between 500% and 4000% saturation while N₂O varied between 128 and 255% in the two bays. Average seasonal CH₄ fluxes for the two bays varied between 0.5 ± 0.2 and 6.0 ± 1.5 mg CH₄/(m²·day) while N₂O varied between 0.4 ± 0.1 and 1.6 ± 0.6 mg N₂O/(m²·day). Weighted emissions (t CO₂-e) were 63%–90% N₂O dominated implying that a reduction in N₂O inputs and/or nitrogen availability in the bays may significantly reduce the bays' greenhouse gas (GHG) budget. Emissions data for tropical and subtropical systems is still scarce. This work found subtropical bays to be significant aquatic sources of both CH₄ and N₂O and puts the estimated fluxes into the global context with measurements done from other climatic regions.     

纳米氧化锌的制备及其对对硝基氯苯的降解

采用蒸发氧化法制备纳米ZnO。当炉温为1100℃、空气流量为0．6m^3／h、锌粒加入量为5g时,得到高纯度类四锥体和柱形纳米ZnO。以该ZnO为光催化剂,对对硝基氯苯进行光催化氧化,考察了ZnO的加入量、对硝基氯苯的初始浓度、溶液pH等对对硝基氯苯降解率的影响。在ZnO质量浓度为0．5g／L、对硝基氯苯质量浓度为30mg／L、pH为7、光照时间为100min的条件下,对硝基氯苯降解率为98％。     

Novel Fe/glass composite adsorbent and its property for arsenic(V) removal

An effective adsorbent for arsenic removal was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of waste glass powder (HGP), followed by loading iron(III) oxyhydorxide on the surface of waste glass powder (GP). The ?Si-O-H group was formed on the surface of GP and the specific surface area of GP powder was slightly increased after hydrothermal treatment. FeOOH was loaded on the surface of HGP by the hydrolysis of FeCl3. The formation conditions of FeOOH were also investigated. The ability of this new adsorbent for arsenic removal was tested. The results indicate that the highest arsenic removal efficiency is about 97% for 1 mg/L As(V) solution at pH 6 and keeping time 2h.     

氧化石墨烯对嗜热四膜虫的毒性效应

以嗜热四膜虫（Tetrahymena thermophila）作为受试生物,考察了纳米材料氧化石墨烯（GO）对其细胞生长率、乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）和氧化应激酶活性、生物膜损伤及细胞凋亡的影响,以探究GO的毒性效应.结果表明,GO浓度高于32mg/L时显著抑制嗜热四膜虫的细胞增殖（P<0.05）,细胞存活率低于50%;在0~64mg/L实验范围内,随GO暴露浓度增加,细胞内活性氧自由基（ROS）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平呈先升后降的趋势,AchE活性受抑;GO抑制位于线粒体内膜的琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）活性,促进细胞质中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的释放;64mg/L GO导致四膜虫细胞出现明显凋亡现象.以上结果显示,中低浓度GO（0~8mg/L）暴露下,氧化应激机制对细胞毒性起主要贡献作用;高浓度GO（32和64mg/L）作用下,四膜虫凋亡现象的产生可能是GO抑制其生长作用导致的.     

聚合氯化铝混凝强化新生态铁锰复合氧化物吸附去除水中的磷

采用氧化-共沉淀法制备出新生态铁锰复合氧化物(FMBO),研究了单独投加FMBO和聚合氯化铝(PACl)强化FMBO吸附除磷效能及吸附磷后的颗粒物特性。结果表明,单独投加FMBO后形成的颗粒物表面带负电荷,颗粒物聚集和沉淀性能较差。PACl的投加降低了颗粒物的表面电荷,促进了颗粒物的聚集,平均粒径明显增加,改善了颗粒物的沉淀性能;通过SEM-EDAX发现,投加PACl形成的复合颗粒物表面更为粗糙,Al元素在复合颗粒物表面相对富集。PACl的投加强化了FMBO的吸附除磷效果,在实验原水条件下FMBO和PACl最佳投量分别为12和30 mg/L,此时TDP去除率高达95.6%。并且出水中Fe、Mn、Al浓度均远低于《地表水环境质量标准》中规定的限值。PACl强化新生态FMBO易于实现原位投加,在水体和水处理除磷工艺中具有较好的应用潜力。     

典型含铁矿物的溶解特征

气溶胶沉降是开阔大洋可溶性铁的重要来源。矿质颗粒物在大气传输后铁可溶性显著增加,然而尚缺乏大气化学反应对铁可溶性影响的系统研究。本文探究了pH值、不同酸以及草酸盐浓度对赤铁矿、针铁矿、伊利石和蒙脱石中铁可溶性的影响。在pH=2的硫酸溶液中,铁可溶性为：伊利石(2.18%±0.14%)>针铁矿(1.68%±0.18%)>赤铁矿(0.43%±0.06%)>蒙脱石(0.20%±0.08%)。加入乙酸盐对铁可溶性无促进作用,而加入草酸盐后,铁可溶性明显增加,且草酸盐浓度增加对铁(氢)氧化物铁可溶性有促进作用,但对黏土矿物铁可溶性几乎无促进作用。在加入2 mmol·L^-1草酸盐后,铁可溶性为：针铁矿(5.38%±1.76%)>伊利石(4.19%±0.30%)>赤铁矿(3.87%±0.24%)>蒙脱石(1.83%±0.06%),草酸盐对铁(氢)氧化物中铁可溶性的促进作用大于黏土矿物。