Experiments comparing the use of kites and gas bangers to protect crops from woodpigeon damage

Woodpigeon damage to spring cabbage on two farms in different years was greatly reduced when a large kite was flown over the fields. Protection continued for over 3 months with no sign of habituation to the kite by pigeons. Woodpigeons avoided flying or settling within 250 m of the kite. Damage in fields with a gas banger exceeded that in fields with a kite, especially in severe winter weather. “Humming line” proved ineffectual in reducing damage. On these lowland farms it was necessary to launch the kite on most mornings, but if such launching can be carried out, kites can be effective in reducing damage by woodpigeons.     

Sustaining co-operation for coastal sustainability

Coastal-zone sustainability policies are socially constructed. It follows that their effective implementation depends on the sustainable voluntary co-operation of stakeholders with competing interests and priorities. No form of integrated coastal-zone management can nurture such co-operation as long as the objective is to determine ‘best’ policies, derived by expert-based rational analysis, instead of seeking to identify ‘correct’ policies, ones that can draw the maximum possible stakeholder support. The latter task requires a co-operative coastal-zone management that incorporates the relevant public discourse into the policy formation process in a direct, proactive and conflict minimizing manner. Towards this end, four major challenges are examined for maximizing the stakeholders' motivation for voluntary co-operation: (1) optimism about the level of optimism; (2) agenda setting; (3) value discourse; and (4) information and empowerment.     

Bathymetric and core analysis of the Latrobe River delta to assist in catchment management

In this study, an analysis of bathymetric surveys of the Latrobe River delta conducted in 1879 and 1992 is combined with pollen analysis of cores from the delta sediments to assist in setting management priorities for the Latrobe River catchment, a 5000 km²catchment in the south-east of Australia. Reconstructed delta surfaces from 1879 (not long after European settlement of the area) and 1992 were compared to quantify areas of net erosion and deposition. These were compared to post-European deposition depths determined by the presence of exotic pollen species in the sediment. The results indicated that: (1) average sedimentation rates in the receiving lake for the Latrobe River are less than 1 mm yr⁻¹; (2) the deposited material is fine with no material considered as bedload; and (3) the fine nature of the deposited material makes it suitable for carrying a large load of nutrients. These results created a shift in management focus from concern over sedimentation and erosion in general to a greater emphasis on nutrients. While the integrated management of catchments is implicitly contemporary, it should always be performed within a historical context. Failure to do this can lead to management priorities that do not concur with the facts of catchment response and can therefore result in inefficient resource allocation. The use of studies which provide a historical perspective on the problem are therefore critical.     

武义萤石矿床矿物包裹体研究

矿物包裹体研究表明,武义萤石矿床是含矿地热水活动的产物。其形成温度为130°±27℃,压力为47.23-426.96×10~5帕。属于低温浅成热液矿床。冷渗流大气降水在深处受地热影响加热活化,发生水—岩化学反应和物质交换,导致含矿地热水的形成。它在构造作用和热力及压力梯度驱动下回返上升,于地表—近地表裂隙带与大气降水混合,温压骤降,加以冷的含CO_2和O_2的大气降水界入,使成矿物质自溶液中沉淀析出。     

基于随机前沿的天津市碳排放效率分析

运用随机前沿分析(SFA)的方法,从土地、资本和劳动中提取城市化率、人均道路面积、人均绿地面积、绿化覆盖率、R&D经费投入强度、环保投资指数、从业人员占总人口比重7个相对量指标作为投入要素,将单位碳排GDP产出作为产出要素,计算和分析了我国30个省域2006年和2011年的碳排放效率,并分析天津市在全部样本的碳效率水平。结果显示:天津市碳排放效率分别居于30个省域的第5位和第3位,属于碳排放效率高的省域。     

浙江拔茅银矿地质特征及成因

拔茅银矿是浙东中生代火山岩带中近几年新发出的金银矿田,矿床发育于破火山口机构内,矿体主要受NW及近SN向张性硅化破碎带控制。矿床的各种特征表明,其成因属浅成低温热液型。     

改性活性炭纤维吸附炸药废水中TNT实验研究

本文研究了改性活性炭纤维对炸药废水中TNT的吸附行为。研究表明:1 mol/L HNO3改性的活性炭纤维吸附效果最好,其对炸药废水中TNT的最佳吸附条件为:吸附剂用量为0.6 g/25 m L,吸附平衡时间为60 min,升温有利于吸附进行。Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线均能较好地描述活性炭纤维对TNT的吸附,吸附动力学分析表明,吸附过程遵循准二级动力学规律。     

铁碳微电解法预处理猪场沼液中氨氮的研究

铁碳微电解是新型的污水处理技术,为了研究猪场沼液中氨氮的去除,将铁碳微电解技术应用于预处理难降解的厌氧沼液中的氨氮。经预先浸泡处理后的铁碳已达到吸附饱和,以此铁碳材料,分别采用了单因素实验和正交试验,用可见光分光光度法测试氨氮的浓度。单因素实验确定了铁碳微电解法影响氨氮去除的因素,选取pH值、反应时间、铁碳比为正交试验因素,通过正交试验得到,当温度为(20±1)℃,铁碳比为1∶1,pH值为3,反应时间为60 min时去除氨氮的效果最好,去除率为34.01%。铁碳微电解法预处理猪场沼液有一定的应用前景。     

SRHSC梁主要设计参数损伤敏感度分析

以型钢高强混凝土(SRHSC)梁为研究对象,结合SRHSC梁受力机理及承载能力的试验研究成果,提出了极限状态下的承载能力是评价梁力学性能的关键指标,将损伤前后梁正截面抗弯承载力之比和斜截面抗剪承载力之比的均值作为自变量,给出了SRHSC梁损伤表征函数,并借助"预定损伤法",揭示了主要设计参数对SRHSC梁损伤演化的影响规律。研究成果将为建立地震激励下SRHSC框架结构楼层损伤模型提供理论和数据支持。