Adsorption behavior of condensed phosphate on aluminum hydroxide

Sodium pyrophosphate （pyro-P, Na4P2OT）, sodium tripolyphosphate （tripoly-P, Na3P3O10）, and sodium hexametaphosphate （meta-P, （NaPO3）6） were selected as the model compounds of condensed phosphate to investigate the adsorption behavior of condensed phosphate on aluminum hydroxide. The adsorption was found to be endothermic and divisible into two stages： （1） fast adsorption within 1 h; and （2） slow adsorption between 1 and 24 h. The modified Freundlich model simulated the fast adsorption stage well; the slow adsorption stage was described well by the first-order kinetics. The activation energies of pyro-P, tripoly-P, and meta-P adsorption on aluminum hydroxide were determined to be 20.2, 22.8 and 10.9 kJ/mol P adsorbed, respectively, in the fast adsorption stage and to be 66.3, 53.5 and 72.5 kJ/mol P adsorbed, respectively, in the slow adsorption stage. The adsorption increased the negative charge of the aluminum hydroxide surface. Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis analyses provided evidence that the adsorption was not uniform on the surface and that the small crystals contributed more to the fast adsorption than the normal sites did. The results from X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy tests also revealed the uneven adsorption of condensed phosphate as a function of the penetration depth. More condensed phosphates were adsorbed on the outer surface of aluminum hydroxide than in its inner parts.     

Enhancing employees' duty orientation and moral potency: Dual mechanisms linking ethical psychological climate to ethically focused proactive behaviors

Based on social cognitive theory (SCT), we develop and test a model that links ethical psychological climate to ethically focused proactive behavior (i.e., ethical voice and ethical taking charge) via two distinct mechanisms (i.e., duty orientation and moral potency). Results from multi-wave field studies conducted in the United States, Turkey, France, Vietnam, and India demonstrate that an ethical psychological climate indirectly influences employees' ethical voice and ethical taking charge behaviors through the dual mechanisms of duty orientation and moral potency. Additionally, we find that individuals' moral attentiveness strengthened these mediating processes. Together, these findings suggest that ethical psychological climate is an important antecedent of ethically focused proactive behavior by stimulating individuals' sense of duty and enhancing their moral potency, particularly when employees are already highly attuned to moral issues.     

水热溶剂对Cu/CeO2-TiO2催化CO2加氢制甲醇反应性能的影响

以高暴露（001）面锐钛矿TiO₂为载体,使用3种不同溶剂（甲醇、乙二醇和丙三醇）水热负载CeO₂,进而以CeO₂-TiO₂为载体采用硼氢化钠还原法负载Cu,合成Cu/CeO₂-TiO₂催化剂用于催化CO₂加氢制甲醇.XRD、SEM、BET、ICP-OES、XPS、H₂-TPR、EPR和CO₂-TPD等表征表明,以 甲醇/水为混合溶剂合成的CeO₂-TiO₂（CT-M）载体中CeO₂粒径较小、Ce³⁺浓度较高,更有利于Cu的负载与分散,形成紧密接触的三相界面;其负载Cu的催化剂CCT-M经焙烧、还原后形成的CuCeTi三相界面相互作用更强,可产生更多的表面Ce³⁺、氧空位和体相Ti³⁺,表面Ce³⁺、氧空位和体相Ti³⁺等缺陷有利于CO₂的吸附活化,较小粒径的Cu则可加速氢解离,因此,CCT-M具有更多的CO₂加氢反应活性位点,表现出最优的CO₂加氢产甲醇活性.     

改革开放40年来生态环境监管执法的回顾与展望

改革开放40年来,我国生态环境监管执法体系经历了从无到有,从以排污收费为核心内容,到以改善生态环境质量为根本目的,再到更加注重保护执法相对人合法权利的变迁和跨越。总体而言,环境监管执法队伍在全国各级政府不断建立,环境监管相关之事权与权责更加明晰,环境监管执法能力不断强化,环境行政管理体制不断理顺,环境法律制度体系更加优化,环境治理之主体和手段更加多元。     

Odorous volatile components in Ayus fish

Volatile components in Ayus (fish in Japan) having bad smell were analyzed by freeze‐vacuum distillation and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to clarify the origin of the smell. Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds might be the origin.     

Changes in glucose uptake rate and in the energy status of PC-12 cells acutely exposed to hexavalent chromium,an established human carcinogen

In the 1920s, Otto Warburg reported a striking metabolic shift in solid tumors: contrary to their normal counter parts, which exhibited a nearly pure respiratory metabolism, where cancer cells relied strongly on lactic fermentation for energy production, even in the presence of ample oxygen. This metabolic shift, later named the Warburg effect, is now viewed as a nearly universal cancer phenotype. To investigate whether it is operating in hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))-induced carcinogenesis, PC-12 cells were exposed to low Cr(VI) concentrations and effects determined on the rates of glucose uptake, lactate production and oxygen consumption, critical indicators of the type of energy metabolism adopted by the cells. Further, the influence on the cells’ energy charge, an important parameter in the evaluation of the cellular physiological state was assessed. In the presence of ample oxygen, concentration-dependent, statistically significant decreases in the energy charge were detected, which were accompanied by an increased glucose uptake rate. This enhanced uptake may constitute the first step in a compensatory mechanism aimed at counteracting the decrease in energy charge. Although these changes may be too small to exert an impact in the cellular functions, they may provide insight into the initial steps of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis.     

磁性海泡石表面零电荷点和吸附Cd~（2＋）的特性

采用惰性电解质滴定法和静态吸附实验,研究了磁性海泡石表面零电荷点和吸附Cd2＋特性.实验结果表明,海泡石经过磁改性后所对应的pHpzc值由8.0升高到8.5,吸附体系pH的提高,有利于对重金属阳离子Cd2＋的吸附.在pH值大于3时,磁性海泡石对Cd2＋吸附量和去除率随pH值的升高而增大且趋于稳定,其吸附量为16.10 mg.g-1,约为海泡石的3.9倍,去除率为98%,约为海泡石的2.2倍.磁性海泡石对Cd2＋的吸附量与离子强度有较大的相关性,随离子强度的增加而减小;对Cd2＋的吸附量随反应温度的升高而增加,吸附等温式符合Langmuir方程.吸附机理以表面配合吸附和表面沉淀为主.     

铝铁改性淀粉复合絮凝剂对甲基紫的絮凝机理

以模拟甲基紫染料废水为处理对象,通过测定絮凝R值、Zeta电位、脱色率与CODCr去除率,研究了自配铝铁改性淀粉复合絮凝剂(CAFS)的絮凝特性,初步探讨了其絮凝机理.结果表明,该复合絮凝剂为阳离子型高分子絮凝剂,絮凝初期作用机理趋于"吸附电中和",絮凝后期作用机理以"絮凝架桥"和"卷扫网捕"为主,絮凝性能受pH值影响显著.在pH=11.0,投加量为0.330 mg·L-1时,甲基紫处理效果最优,CODCr去除率达41.0%,色度去除率高达98.0%,其絮体形态密实、含水率低.     

微电解-水解酸化-SBBR处理电荷调节剂废水

针对电荷调节剂生产废水COD高,色度高,可生化性差的特点,采用微电解-水解酸化-SBBR处理工艺进行研究。实验结果表明:在微电解铁碳比为1∶1.5,反应停留时间1 h,水解酸化水力停留时间为9 h,SBBR曝气量为0.25 L/min,曝气时间8 h,静沉1.5 h,该工艺最终出水各项水质指标能够达到进入市政污水管网的要求。     

医院收费危机成因及管理机制的探讨

通过分析医院收费危机的成因,应用危机管理的一般理论与方法,对医院收费出现的危机进行分析评估,调动有关资源,果断做出评判,迅速采取措施,最大限度地减少医院损失和影响．同时建立医院收费危机管理机制,使医院收费规范化、合理化,从而从危机中受益．图1,参5．