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101.
Paolo Ciavola Oscar Ferreira Piet Haerens Mark Van Koningsveld Clara ArmaroliAuthor vitae 《Environmental Science & Policy》2011,14(7):924-933
This paper describes the MICORE approach to quantify for nine field sites the crucial storm related physical hazards (hydrodynamic as well as morphodynamic) in support of early warning efforts and emergency response.As a first step historical storms that had a significant morphological impact on a representative number of sensitive European coastal stretches were reviewed and analysed in order to understand storm related morphological changes and how often they occur around Europe. Next, an on-line storm prediction system was set up to enable prediction of storm related hydro- and morphodynamic impacts. The system makes use of existing off-the-shelf models as well as a new open-source morphological model. To validate the models at least one year of fieldwork was done at nine pilot sites. The data was safeguarded and stored for future use in an open database that conforms to the OpenEarth protocols.To translate quantitative model results to useful information for Civil Protection agencies the Frame of Reference approach (
[Van Koningsveld et al., 2005]
and
[Van Koningsveld et al., 2007]
) was used to derive Storm Impact Indicators (SIIs) for relevant decision makers. The acquired knowledge is expected to be directly transferred to the civil society trough partnerships with end-users at the end of the MICORE project. 相似文献
102.
剖析通用电气Plan(政策/目标)-Do(运营体系)-Check&Act(检查改进)的EHS管理体系框架;通过综合指数法分析各环境、健康和安全绩效指标近年的变化趋势以及采取的管理措施;分析总结GE环境管理和环境质量绩效持续改进的机制与工具:(1)全球统一的EHS管理和运营体系;(2)自上而下的EHS培训与自下而上的沟通;(3)数字化的EHS管理工具;(4)严格的EHS审计保证机制;(5)强烈的企业公民责任意识和EHS文化,为国内企业建立和完善EHS管理和运营体系所借鉴。 相似文献
103.
土壤中微生物及其环境效益的浅析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
关于土壤微生物活性,已经成为目前土壤方面研究的热点问题。有些学者曾经对微生物在土壤环境中的作用表示怀疑,他们过分强调物理化学作用在土壤形成和土壤环境效应中的作用,而忽视微生物的研究。随着土壤学研究的深入,关于土壤成因、土壤生产力和环境现象已经越来越复杂,单纯依靠物理和化学的知识已经无法解释某些复杂的实验现象,现在必须依靠微生物来解释某些现象。本文将对土壤微生物在土壤研究中的作用进行简述,同时分析土壤环境变化对微生物数量和活性的影响,并简述一些微生物研究的进展。 相似文献
104.
105.
为独立评估环境空气连续自动监测系统运维质量,掌握环境空气监测数据准确性等信息,我国开展了环境空气连续自动监测系统性能审核工作,通过分析影响审核结果的相关因素,提出,性能审核标准气体浓度应接近实际监测空气中的气体浓度,性能审核时间的选择应满足《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095—2012)中数据统计的有效性规定,性能审核气体压力应保持恒定并接近实际采样时的气压,标准气体进样方式应通过日常采样管路等,从而进一步提高性能审核结果的科学性和准确性,为生态环境管理部门了解环境空气数据质量提供坚实基础。 相似文献
106.
Validity of Performance Criteria and a Tentative Model for Regulatory Use in Compensatory Wetland Mitigation Permitting 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The purpose of this paper is to develop the principles for a manageable and practical set of performance criteria that will
reasonably assure no net loss in a situation in which it cannot be absolutely assured. To this end, the performance criteria
proposed for 116 compensatory wetland projects on file with the Army Corps of Engineers in San Francisco, between 1988 and
1995, were examined. The trends discerned in the project proposals were analyzed and evaluated in light of the current state
of wetland science. Specific suggestions for the development of uniform criteria in each of four major wetland types—riparian,
perennial tidal, perennial nontidal, and seasonal—are discussed, and a system of regulation tying qualitative assessment with
quantitative requirements is outlined as a reasonable solution to the enforcement of the no-net-loss policy. 相似文献
107.
Peter J. Peterson W. Peter Williams 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(4):225-232
Measurements of urban air quality at monitoring stations in developed countries have frequently involved the criteria gaseous
pollutants, particulates, hazardous air pollutants, perceived air quality and relevant meteorological conditions. Large numbers
of indicators have therefore been established to quantify emissions, concentrations and environmental and human health impacts
of each of these groups of substances. To simplify the data for management, several indicators have been grouped together
to form urban air quality indices but the weightings of individual variables is contentious.
In industrialising and developing countries, data may be limited and traditional air pollutant indicators cannot often be
constructed. The emphasis therefore has to be placed on the development of policy-relevant indicators, such as Response Indicators
that reflect different policy principles for regulating air pollutant emissions. Indices that quantify the air quality management
capabilities and capacities at the city level provide further useful decision-relevant tools. Four sets of indices, namely,
1. air quality measurement capacity, 2. data assessment and availability, 3. emissions estimates, and 4. management enabling
capabilities, and a composite index to evaluate air quality management capability, were constructed and applied to 80 cities.
The indices revealed that management capability varied widely between the cities. In some of the cities, existing national
knowledge on urban air quality could have been more effectively used for management.
It was concluded that for effective urban air quality management, a greater emphasis should be given, not just to monitoring
and data capture programmes, but to the development of indicators and indices that empower decision-makers to initiate management
response strategies. Over-reliance on restricted, predetermined sets of traditional air quality indicators should be avoided. 相似文献
108.
109.
Fabricio Borges Cambraia Tarcisio Abreu Saurin Carlos Torres Formoso 《Safety Science》2010,48(1):91-99
Near misses are well-known for providing a major source of useful information for safety management. They are more frequent events than accidents and their causes may potentially result in an accident under slightly different circumstances. Despite the importance of this type of feedback, there is little knowledge on the characteristics of near misses, and on the use of this information in safety management. This article proposes guidelines for identifying, analyzing and disseminating information on near misses in construction sites. In particular, it is proposed that near misses be analyzed based on four categories: (a) whether or not it was possible to track down the event; (b) the nature of each event, in terms of its physical features (e.g. falling objects); (c) whether they provided positive or negative feedback for the safety management system; and (d) risk, based on the probability and severity associated with each event. The guidelines were devised and tested while a safety management system was being developed in a healthcare building project. The monitoring of near misses was part of a safety performance measurement system. Among the main results, a dramatic increase in both the number and quality of reports stands out after the workforce was systematically encouraged to report. While in the first 4 months of the study – when the workforce was not encouraged to report – there were just 12 reports, during the subsequent 4 months – when the workforce was so encouraged – there were 110 reports, all of them being analyzed based on the four analytical categories proposed. 相似文献
110.