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111.
农药正辛醇/水分配系数的测定方法及其与其他环境参数的相关性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对已报道的农药正辛醇/水分配系数的6种测定方法进行了简述和比较,对农药Kow值与其他环境参数Sw,Koc,BCF1的相关性进行了综述。 相似文献
112.
Quality control is a crucial aspect of database management, particularly for physicochemical parameters that are widely used
in modeling environmental fate processes. Complete rechecking of original studies to verify environmental fate parameters
is time consuming and difficult. This paper evaluates an alternative, more efficient approach to identifying database errors.
The approach focuses verification efforts on a targeted subset of entries by making use of the relationship between water
solubility (S) and soil organic carbon partition coefficient (K
oc
). Two regression equations, one selected from the literature and one calculated from entries in the database, were used to
evaluate the reasonableness of (S, K
oc
) pairs among control compared to the targeted outlier group from a total of 59 pesticides. Our hypothesis was that (S, K
oc
) pairs that lay far from the regression line were more likely to be in error than those that fit the regression. Database
values were checked against original studies.
Identified errors in the database included coding mistakes, miscalculations, and incorrect chemical identification codes.
The error rate in outlier (S, K
oc
) pairs was about twice that of pairs that conformed to the regression equation; however, the error rate differential was
probably not large enough to justify the use of this quality control method. Through our close scrutiny of database entries
we were able to identify administrative practices that led to mistakes in the data base. Resolution of these problems will
significantly decrease the number of future mistakes. 相似文献
113.
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116.
Jaqueline Bianchi Mario Sérgio Mantovani Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,36(10):102-111
Based on the concentration of Malathion used in the field, we evaluated the genotoxic potential of low concentrations of this insecticide on meristematic and F1 cells of Allium cepa and on rat hepatoma tissue culture (HTC cells). In the A. cepa, chromosomal aberrations (CAs), micronuclei (MN), and mitotic index (MI) were evaluated by exposing the cells at 1.5, 0.75, 0.37, and 0.18 mg/mL of Malathion for 24 and 48 hr of exposure and 48 hr of recovery time. The results showed that all concentrations were genotoxic to A. cepa cells. However, the analysis of the MI has showed non-relevant effects. Chromosomal bridges were the CA more frequently induced, indicating the clastogenic action of Malathion. After the recovery period, the higher concentrations continued to induce genotoxic effects, unlike the observed for the lowest concentrations tested. In HTC cells, the genotoxicity of Malathion was evaluated by the MN test and the comet assay by exposing the cells at 0.09, 0.009, and 0.0009 mg/5 mL culture medium, for 24 hr of exposure. In the comet assay, all the concentrations induced genotoxicity in the HTC cells. In the MN test, no significant induction of MN was observed. The genotoxicity induced by the low concentrations of Malathion presented in this work highlights the importance of studying the effects of low concentrations of this pesticide and demonstrates the efficiency of these two test systems for the detection of genetic damage promoted by Malathion. 相似文献
117.
催化湿式氧化法处理吡虫啉农药废水的优化工艺条件 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
采用催化湿式氧化技术在2 L高压反应釜中处理吡虫啉农药废水,分别以复合金属氧化物Cu/Mn、Cu/Ce、Ce/Mn及Ce/Ag为催化剂来考察对废水COD去除率的影响.发现Cu/Ce、Ce/Mn、Cu/Mn催化剂有较高的催化活性;Ce/Mn催化剂最稳定;Ce/Ag催化剂的Ag溶出量很大.选用性能良好的Ce/Mn催化剂,考察了反应温度、反应压力和废水的初始pH对催化湿式氧化效果的影响.结果表明,催化剂的加入可使COD去除率提高37%左右,同时处理后废水的BOD5/COD从0.19提高到0.65以上;当反应温度为150~230 ℃时,处理效率随温度升高明显增加;总压4.8 MPa、氧分压1.2~2.4 MPa时,适当增加氧分压亦能提高氧化效率;废水初始pH对氧化效果影响不大,但对催化剂的稳定性有影响.优化工艺条件最终为:催化剂为Ce/Mn;温度190 ℃;氧分压1.6 MPa;进水pH为6.21;反应时间120 min. 相似文献
118.
119.
We studied the adsorption and desorption of two pesticides, namely isoproturon and dimetomorph, onto a model soil sample.
We first show that the adsorption of isoproturon depends on pH, from 1 mg g−1 at pH 4 to 2 mg g−1 at pH 10, contrary to the adsorption of dimetomorph (5.8 mg g−1). We also studied the influence of metallic cations, copper(II), iron(III), manganese(II), and chromium(III), on the sorption
of isoproturon and dimetomorph. We found that in the case of isoproturon, the presence of metallic cations does influence
the retention capacity of the soil sample. The sorption becomes very weak in the presence of copper and chromium, whereas
in the case of iron and manganese the sorption properties are slightly modified. 相似文献
120.
用蒸馏水一次提取新鲜蔬菜样品,以SE-30和QF-1为固定液,Chromosorb W AW DMCS为固定相,2m填充柱分离,氢火焰检测器检测,进样10uL测定灭杀毙含量,以保留时间定性,外标法定量,分析时间小于150s,方法回收率95.4%,相对标准差3.6%,可用作上市蔬菜灭杀毙农药残留量的快速测定。 相似文献