中国“十一五”石化行业发展规划的环境制约因素及规划环评应起的作用

结合目前中国石化行业发展存在的问题,通过对中国"十一五"石化行业发展规划分析后可知,规划的实施将受到资源短缺、环境恶化、人居安全等环境因素的制约,为实现可持续发展,应全面规划环评,最终实现和谐社会的目标。     

广州市主要污染物总量减排环境绩效评价

“十一五”期间,广州市主要污染物COD和SO2排放总量持续下降,经初步核算,2010年COD和S02排放量分别比2005年下降2．7万吨和6．5万吨,减排比例分别达到19．7％和43％,总量减排工作顺利完成。减排对环境改善明显,珠江广州河段主要污染指标浓度值均有所下降,COD年均浓度从2005的20．7毫克／升下降至2010年的13．6毫克／升,下降幅度达34．3％,整体水环境质量得到根本好转;空气环境质量优良率逐年上升,大气主要污染指标年均浓度值基本呈现逐年下降的态势,SO2从2005年年平均浓度为0．053毫克／立方米下降至2010年的0．033毫克／立方米,下降幅度达37．7％,空气质量持续得到好转。     

“十二五”主要大气污染物总量减排对策措施

＂十二五＂面临着减排领域不断拓展、减排空间不断缩减的局面,为此必须在减排政策顶层设计上下大力气,制定出科学合理的减排技术路线和系统有效的减排对策措施。本文在总结＂十一五＂的成功经验和分析＂十二五＂大气污染物减排面临的形势与挑战的基础上,提出科学合理的大气污染物总量减排对策措施：第一,强化源头管理,严格控制污染物新增量;第二,加快淘汰落后产能,完善落后产能退出机制;第三,强化工业行业工程减排,大力推进烟气脱硝设施建设;第四,采取综合措施,加强机动车NOX控制;第五,完善政策措施,建立减排长效机制。     

投入产出分析在可持续发展计划中的应用

如何在国民经济发展计划中体现资源环境因素的影响?如何用现实可行的方法制定出符合可持续发展要求的国民经济发展计划?是目前环境经济领域急待解决的问题。本文从物质平衡的角度,探讨可持续经济发展计划的研究方法。     

Relating characteristics of global biodiversity targets to reported progress

To inform governmental discussions on the nature of a revised Strategic Plan for Biodiversity of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), we reviewed the relevant literature and assessed the framing of the 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets in the current strategic plan. We asked international experts from nongovernmental organizations, academia, government agencies, international organizations, research institutes, and the CBD to score the Aichi Targets and their constituent elements against a set of specific, measurable, ambitious, realistic, unambiguous, scalable, and comprehensive criteria (SMART based, excluding time bound because all targets are bound to 2015 or 2020). We then investigated the relationship between these expert scores and reported progress toward the target elements by using the findings from 2 global progress assessments (Global Biodiversity Outlook and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services). We analyzed the data with ordinal logistic regressions. We found significant positive relationships (p < 0.05) between progress and the extent to which the target elements were perceived to be measurable, realistic, unambiguous, and scalable. There was some evidence of a relationship between progress and specificity of the target elements, but no relationship between progress and ambition. We are the first to show associations between progress and the extent to which the Aichi Targets meet certain SMART criteria. As negotiations around the post-2020 biodiversity framework proceed, decision makers should strive to ensure that new or revised targets are effectively structured and clearly worded to allow the translation of targets into actionable policies that can be successfully implemented nationally, regionally, and globally.     

“十三五”环境经济政策建设规划中期评估研究

《"十三五"全国环境保护法规和环境经济政策建设规划》（以下简称《规划》）绘制了"十三五"时期我国环境保护法规和环境经济政策的创新与改革蓝图。"十三五"以来，《规划》实施推动了环境经济政策在生态文明建设生态环境保护工作中的地位快速上升，在筹集环保资金、调控环境行为、激励企业减排等方面发挥了重要作用。为了更好推进环境经济政策改革与创新，本研究采用逻辑框架法对《规划》中期实施进展进行了系统评价，结果表明：在28项《规划》任务中，绿色信贷、环境信息披露制度、环境污染强制责任险等13项任务进展良好，生态环境损害赔偿制度等11项任务进展较好；环境信用建设"入法"等4项规划任务进展较小或者进展一般。研究表明《规划》总体实施顺利，评估工作也为完成2020年《规划》目标提供了重要技术支撑。     

Progress Toward Delisting a Great Lakes Area of Concern: The Role of Integrated Research and Monitoring in the Hamilton Harbour Remedial Action Plan

The goal of restoring environmental health and qualities to Hamilton Harbour Great Lakes Area of Concern, an embayment at the western end of Lake Ontario, is considered to be achievable by the year 2015. Restoring Hamilton Harbour is a dynamic process that relies heavily on research and monitoring to direct remediation efforts. Three principle means of coordinating this research and monitoring include: research and monitoring workshops; a monitoring catalogue outlining both government and nongovernment initiatives; and an annual report written by a local community group. These tools increase the effectiveness of remedial actions by: (i) improving stakeholders' ability to track trends; (ii) allowing program decision-makers to utilize adaptive management techniques to continuously modify programs based on new results; (iii) integrating interdisciplinary fields, and (iv) increasing accountability. This paper describes in detail these tools used for coordinating research and monitoring in implementing the Remedial Action Plan of the Hamilton Harbour Great Lakes Area of Concern, along with lessons learned to assist other implementers who are considering similar programs.     

隔音值班室降噪效果及对策分析

目前的炼油工艺都是连续性自动化生产，其操作人员的正常工作主要是在值班室通过监视仪表来控制装置。为了防止设备噪声对人体的危害，都修建隔音值班室。经过对炼油厂内的30个隔音值班室实际运行的调查、分析，提出了切实可行的有效对策。     

湖北省酸雨控制区二氧化硫污染防治规划

在归纳湖北省酸雨控制区二氧化硫污染特征的基础上,对我省酸雨控制区二氧化硫的防治途径进行了分析。提出了全省“十五”期间二氧化硫总量控制规划,并从工业点源治理、城市清洁能源两大方面安排了二氧化硫污染防治的工程措施。“十五”期间全省共安排重点项目45项,计划投资960282万元,项目完成后削减二氧化硫19.19万t/a,实现“十五”规划目标。     

Experiences of Measurement,Reporting and Verification Towards 20% Reduction Target in China

Bali Action Plan provisions acknowledge the fact that developing countries are already making efforts to reduce emis- sions and move towards a low carbon pathway. The Copenhagen Accord mentions Nationa...