城市新增大气污染源合理布局判据的研究

试图提出了一种以环境损失作为评价污染源布局判据的观点，给出了大气环境损失系数的计算方法及污染源合理布局优化计算模型，并结合实例作了进一步的分析。     

Copper desorption in flooded agricultural soils and toxicity to the Florida apple snail (Pomacea paludosa): implications in Everglades restoration

Copper (Cu) desorption and toxicity to the Florida apple snail were investigated from soils obtained from agricultural sites acquired under the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. Copper concentrations in 11 flooded soils ranged from 5 to 234 mg/kg on day 0 and from 6.2 to 204 mg/kg on day 28 (steady-state). The steady-state Cu concentration in overlying water ranged from 9.1 to 308.2 microg/L. In a 28-d growth study, high mortality in snails occurred within 9 to 16 d in two of three soil treatments tested. Growth of apple snails over 28 d was affected by Cu in these two treatments. Tissue Cu concentrations by day 14 were 12-23-fold higher in snails exposed to the three soil treatments compared to controls. The endangered Florida snail kite and its main food source, the Florida apple snail, may be at risk from Cu exposure in these managed agricultural soil-water ecosystems.     

The Costs of Meeting the Environmental Objectives for the Baltic Sea: A Review of the Literature

The environmental targets of the recently agreed Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) targets are likely associated with a considerable cost, which motivates a search for low-cost policies. The following review shows there is a substantial literature on cost-efficient nutrient reduction strategies, including suggestions regarding low-cost abatement, but actual policies at international and national scale tend to be considerably more expensive due to lack of instruments that ensure a cost-efficient allocation of abatement across countries and sectors. Economic research on the costs of reducing hazardous substances and oil spill damages in the Baltic Sea is not available, but lessons from the international literature suggest that resources could be used more efficiently if appropriate analysis is undertaken. Common to these pollution problems is the need to ensure that all countries in the region are provided with positive incentives to implement international agreements.     

国家自然科学基金环境工程学科发展探讨

在我国新时代生态文明建设、绿色高质量发展进程中,环境工程已经成为战略性关键学科,其科学内涵深度与外延广度亦在不断突破和延伸,对科学基金的学科建设及改革提出了新的要求和挑战。立足国家重大需求与学科国际前沿,系统分析了环境工程学科的特征、发展现状与趋势及未来重要发展方向,提出了国家自然科学基金总体定位下环境工程学科的重要发展领域、布局及策略。环境工程学科将贯彻“国家需求、交叉融合、系统视角、前沿原创”的总体思路,持续推进科研范式变革与学科布局优化,为解决我国重大环境问题、构建人类命运共同体提供科技支撑和决策依据。     

吉林省生态环境保护“十四五”规划的初步思考

"十四五"是在打赢污染防治攻坚战、全面建成小康社会的基础上,加快实现2035年基本建成美丽中国"吉林样板"的关键五年。研究报告在对吉林省"十三五"生态环境保护成效及存在的主要问题、"十四五"生态环境保护面临的机遇和挑战进行分析的基础上,提出了"十四五"全省生态环境保护的总体思路与目标及主要任务。     

“十三五”河北省生态文明建设总体思路和重点任务

通过分析河北省当前环境保护工作中存在的机遇与挑战,理清了环境保护工作总体思路,并制定出有针对性的战略目标以及调控原则,明确了\"十三五\"时期河北省环境保护应以深入推动节能减排,促进河北绿色崛起;全面改善环境质量,有效防范环境风险;推进生态河北建设,提高生态文明水平三大工作为重点任务,以进一步推动河北省社会、经济、环境协调发展。     

“十四五”生态环境保护国际合作思路与实施路径探讨

生态环境国际合作是构建人类命运共同体建设的重要内容。\"十三五\"时期,我国在推动生态文明建设取得显著成效的同时,生态环境保护国际合作取得积极进展。本文在分析生态环境保护国际合作现状、不足以及面临新形势的基础上,提出坚持底线思维,突出重点,精准对接,以我为主、以外促内等合作原则,建议\"十四五\"时期加强战略规划和引领,提升生态环境国际合作的地位和作用,以建设性姿态参与全球环境治理,努力实现国内环境治理、全球环境治理以及全球治理良性互动,提升生态环境国际合作在服务国家总体发展战略中的地位和水平。并为此提出五大重点举措:即打造绿色\"一带一路\"成为区域环境合作的平台高地;更具建设性加强我与周边国家双边及多边环境合作;坚决维护多边主义的立场,主动参与全球环境治理体系变革;助力擦亮绿色底色,全力支撑服务打赢污染防治攻坚战;加快能力建设形成生态环境国际合作与交流的大格局。     

Forest Restoration and Forest Communities: Have Local Communities Benefited from Forest Service Contracting of Ecosystem Management?

Conservation-based development programs have sought to create economic opportunities for people negatively impacted by biological diversity protection. The USDA Forest Service, for example, developed policies and programs to create contracting opportunities for local communities to restore public lands to replace jobs lost from reduced timber harvest. This article examines 12 years of Forest Service land management contracting in western Oregon, Washington, and northern California to evaluate if contractors located in communities near national forests have been awarded more land management contracts and contract value over time. We find that land management contracting spending has declined dramatically and, once we control for intervening factors, we find that local contractors have received a smaller proportion of land management contracts over time.     

Community Sustainability Plans to enable change towards sustainable practice – a Scottish case study

There is a need for a global shift towards a low-carbon society and this requires action at the local level. The aim of the study into sustainable community development is to clarify the role of a community as a whole rather than the role of individuals within that community. Mixed methods of literature review and empirical study have been used to translate the knowledge and experience with urban sustainable development into empirical knowledge of a rural, market town setting. The exemplary case study is the Scottish market town Huntly. The main findings of the study show the need for three ingredients for a Community Sustainability Plan for a town such as Huntly. Community involvement is crucial in developing such plans in a rural setting. Further research in more remote settings, e.g. coastal and island communities, is needed to allow broader conclusions on rural sustainable development.     

电子设备的可靠性试验

可靠性试验是可靠性工程最基本的内容和最重要的工作项目。该文就电子设备可靠性试验的技术基础、可靠性试验的特点和分类、对可靠性试验数据的分析和处理方法、电子设备的可靠性试验方案设计作了一些介绍。