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11.
以铁岭市柴河水库上游集水区域为研究对象,利用铁岭市柴河堡水文站降雨时节实测的暴雨径流数据、泥沙数据、污染物浓度数据进行分析,侧重研究降雨时节暴雨径流量与主要污染物浓度及污染物瞬时流失量之间的关系,以期为柴河流域农业非点源污染控制提供参考。研究结果表明:暴雨期内,非点源污染物浓度及瞬时流失量与径流峰值几乎同步出现,它们之间存在着非常密切的关系。 相似文献
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Mixtures can be divided into simple (chemicals with comparable properties—health risk assessments on the chemicals) and complex,
which can be further subdivided into defined (a reasonably distinct composition, created at a specific time and place despite
dissimilar components—risk assessments on the common source) and coincidental (chemicals without similar properties or constant
composition in time or space—risk assessments on the receptor). Interactions recognized are: independent action, dose addition
(additivity), and potentiation (synergy and antagonism). Unpredicted outcomes need recognition. New approaches in higher education
and multidisciplinary investigations are essential. The community of the Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health
should help clarify points such as when transformations in mixtures may become important enough to alter the classification
and the risk assessment. The multidisciplinary community is also well placed to support the integration of nonchemical influences
into mixture analysis and to contribute to the investigation of cumulative and multiple exposures. 相似文献
16.
Eben Goodale Christos Mammides Wambura Mtemi You-Fang Chen Ranjit Barthakur Uromi Manage Goodale Aiwu Jiang Jianguo Liu Saurav Malhotra Madhava Meegaskumbura Maharaj K. Pandit Guangle Qiu Jianchu Xu Kun-Fang Cao Kamaljit S. Bawa 《Ambio》2022,51(6):1474
As the two largest countries by population, China and India have pervasive effects on the ecosphere. Because of their human population size and long international boundary, they share biodiversity and the threats to it, as well as crops, pests and diseases. We ranked the two countries on a variety of environmental challenges and solutions, illustrating quantitatively their environmental footprint and the parallels between them regarding the threats to their human populations and biodiversity. Yet we show that China and India continue to have few co-authorships in environmental publications, even as their major funding for scientific research has expanded. An agenda for collaboration between China and India can start with the shared Himalaya, linking the countries’ scientists and institutions. A broader agenda can then be framed around environmental challenges that have regional patterns. Coordinated and collaborative research has the potential to improve the two countries’ environmental performance, with implications for global sustainability. 相似文献
17.
Chiral pesticides comprise a new and important class of environmental pollutants nowadays. With the development of industry, more and more chiral pesticides will be introduced into the market. But their enantioselective ecotoxicology is not clear. Currently used synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphates, acylanilides, phenoxypropanoic acids and imidazolinones often behave enantioselectively in agriculture use and they always pose unpredictable enantioselective ecological risks on non-target organisms or human. It is necessary to explore the enantioselective toxicology and ecological fate of these chiral pesticides in environmental risk assessment. The enantioselective toxicology and the fate of these currently widely used pesticides have been discussed in this review article. 相似文献
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Taking into account current environmental concerns, the main objective of this work focused a national inventory aiming to estimate the amount of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) released in Portugal in 2006. The methodology used was based on the Standardized Toolkit for Identification and Quantification of Dioxins and Furan Releases, developed by UNEP Chemicals, in 2005. The method allows the assessment of the amount of PCDD/PCDF released into the environment along five vectors involving air, water, land, products and residues. Facing some difficulties mainly regarding to the availability of data for some activities known to produce PCDD/PCDF, three scenarios (Sc1 to Sc3) corresponding to lower, central and upper estimates were established. The Sc1 scenario (lower estimate) includes the situations where in case of doubt or scarce information, reduced or none emission values were assumed, Sc2 refers to a central estimate, which is believed to be the most realistic for the Portuguese situation, while Sc3 corresponds to the worst case (upper estimate). The results obtained pointed out that the total amount of PCDD/PCDF emitted in Portugal during the period under analysis was in the range of 51.2-217.9 g TEQ year−1, with the most likely value of 95.2 g TEQ year−1 achieved under the Sc2 scenario. This study also showed that the methodology developed by UNEP Chemicals is a very simple one, and the main difficulty is the availability of data. The main indicators calculated in this study were 8.98 μg TEQ/(year person) by taking into account the total amount of PCDD/PCDF released, and 3.63 μg TEQ/(year person) when only air emissions were considered. 相似文献
19.
环境污染系统的灰色投入产出模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将投入产出模型与灰色理论结合起来,建立了以灰色预测为基础的环境污染系统灰色投入产出模型,探索了如何从污染物总量控制目标出发来规划和发展生产。 相似文献
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Burkhard O. Wagner 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》1998,10(4):245-253
Zusammenfassung UNEP International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals (IRPTC) wurde von der ersten VN-Umweltkonferenz 1972 geschaffen.
Sein Einfu? und Zusammenwirken in den 80ziger Jahren mit anderen internationalen Programmen der WHO, FAO, OECD und EG in der
Chemikalienkontrolle wird beschrieben. Nach dem Erdgipfel von Rio 1992 werden im VN-Rahmen drei neue Gremien gebildet, die
das Fachprogramm des Kapitels 19 der Agenda 21 (umweltfreundliches Chemikalienmanagement) umsetzen sollen: die United nations
Commission of Sustainable Development, das Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety und das Interorganization Programme
for the Sound Management of Chemicals. Der Erdgipfel brachte auch für IRPTC eine Neuorientierung. Seit 1996 hat UNEP Chemicals,
wie sich IRPTC nunmehr nennt, drei Aufgaben in sein Arbeitsprogramm aufgenommen, die beschrieben werden: das internationale
übereinkommen zum Prior Informed Consent, das internationale übereinkommen zur Kontrolle der Persistent Organic Pollutants,
und schlie?lich sein traditionelles Arbeitsgebiet des Informations-austausches über Stoffe wird weitergeführt.
Die Aussagen dieses Beitrages sind die Meinung des Autors. Sie müssen nicht mit der Auffassung des Umweitbundesamtes oder von UNEP Chemicals übereinstimmen. 相似文献
Die Aussagen dieses Beitrages sind die Meinung des Autors. Sie müssen nicht mit der Auffassung des Umweitbundesamtes oder von UNEP Chemicals übereinstimmen. 相似文献