寒区水体中溶藻铜绿假单胞菌的分离和性质研究

我国北方,尤其是东北地区的一些水体由于富营养化导致的水华现象呈增加趋势,成为急需解决的水环境问题.溶藻菌可从生态调控的角度来控制水华的爆发,因此,在富营养化水体治理方面逐渐得到重视.本文从寒区水华爆发水体中分离获得了一株溶藻细菌JM1,系统发育分析表明,菌株JM1与铜绿假单胞菌的同源性最高.VITEK系统鉴定表明,菌株JM1与铜绿假单胞菌的相似度为98%.菌株JM1在不同的碳源和氮源培养基中可产生不同颜色和p H值的代谢产物,而以葡萄糖和蛋白胨分别为碳源和氮源时发酵液的溶藻效果明显好于其它培养基.菌株JM1的溶藻效果随藻细胞初始密度的降低而增强,随发酵液添加量的增加而增加;当菌体细胞的密度达到1011CFU·m L-1时,可单一抑制藻细胞的生长;当菌体细胞的密度大于105CFU·m L-1时,菌体细胞可促进发酵液的溶藻作用.发酵液作用于藻细胞6 h时可明显影响其恢复能力,当暴露时间达18 h时,藻细胞彻底丧失了恢复能力.菌株JM1发酵液在中性和偏碱性的藻液中的溶藻效果最强,并且经过酸化、碱化和高温处理后,仍然保持较高的溶藻活性.本研究可为基于微生物作用过程的水华控制提供优势的土著菌种及其应用上的技术支持.     

Microcystis aeruginosa/Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes interaction effects on off-flavors in algae/bacteria co-culture system under different temperatures

We conducted an experiment to study the interaction effects of Microcystis aeruginosa and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes on off-flavors in an algae/bacteria co-culture system at three temperatures (24, 28 and 32°C). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was applied to measure off-flavor compounds dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), 2-methylisoborneol, geosmin (GEO) and β-cyclocitral. During the lag phase of co-cultured M. aeruginosa (first 15 days), P. pseudoalcaligenes significantly increased the production of DMS, DMTS and β-cyclocitral at all three temperatures. In the exponential phase of co-cultured M. aeruginosa (after 15 days), M. aeruginosa became the main factor on off-flavors in the co-culture system, and β-cyclocitral turned to the highest off-flavor compound. These results also indicated that DMS, DMTS and β-cyclocitral were the main off-flavor compounds in our M. aeruginosa/P. pseudoalcaligenes co-culture system. Univariate analysis was applied to investigate the effects of M. aeruginosa and P. pseudoalcaligenes on the production of off-flavors. The results demonstrated that both M. aeruginosa and P. pseudoalcaligenes could increase the production of DMS and DMTS, while β-cyclocitral was mainly determined by M. aeruginosa. Our results also provide some insights into understanding the relationship between cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria.     

Microcystis aeruginosa/Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes interaction effects on off-flavors in algae/bacteria co-culture system under different temperatures

We conducted an experiment to study the interaction effects of Microcystis aeruginosa and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes on off-flavors in an algae/bacteria co-culture system at three temperatures(24, 28 and 32℃). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was applied to measure off-flavor compounds dimethyl sulfide(DMS), dimethyl trisulfide(DMTS),2-methylisoborneol, geosmin(GEO) and β-cyclocitral. During the lag phase of co-cultured M. aeruginosa(first 15 days), P. pseudoalcaligenes significantly increased the production of DMS, DMTS and β-cyclocitral at all three temperatures. In the exponential phase of co-cultured M. aeruginosa(after 15 days), M. aeruginosa became the main factor on off-flavors in the co-culture system, and β-cyclocitral turned to the highest off-flavor compound. These results also indicated that DMS, DMTS and β-cyclocitral were the main off-flavor compounds in our M. aeruginosa/P. pseudoalcaligenes co-culture system. Univariate analysis was applied to investigate the effects of M. aeruginosa and P. pseudoalcaligenes on the production of off-flavors. The results demonstrated that both M. aeruginosa and P. pseudoalcaligenes could increase the production of DMS and DMTS, while β-cyclocitral was mainly determined by M. aeruginosa. Our results also provide some insights into understanding the relationship between cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria.     

Comparative abiotic or biotic degradation of carboxin by two Entisols with different surface properties or Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain: A toxicity study using the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus

The microcrustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus was used to detect the toxicity reduction of carboxin in abiotic degradation compared to biotic degradation. The abiotic degradation was obtained using two sterilized Entisols with different surface properties while the biotic degradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was obtained using the fungicide as the only C source. The results showed that the highest toxicity reduction rates for the abiotic degradation were achieved in 20 days with 49.2% for the coarser soil, 60.7% for the soil with a finer texture, whereas for the biotic degradation, 60.6%. Analysis (¹H NMR) showed that the soils transformed carboxin to produce sulfoxide and enol in different concentrations depending on the soil properties, while P. aeruginosa metabolized the fungicide to produce inorganic compounds such as ammonium and nitrite, minor degradation pathways were oxidized to sulfoxide and hydrolytic ring-opening to 2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)thio]acetoacetanilide enol. These results indicated that the degradation of carboxin occurred via abiotic catalytic processes as well as via biotic transformation leading to less toxic derivatives and such phenomena are caused by exchange/surface features of soils, rather than by the mere content of clay or organic matter fractions.     

空气中总悬浮颗粒物的X射线衍射定性分析研究

以天津市环境监测中心采集的空气中总悬浮颗粒物（ＴＳＰ）膜（９７１０１２号）为样品，使用日本理学Ｄ／ｍａｘＲＡＸ射线衍射仪对其进行化合物定性分析，并介绍样品的采集与制样方法、仪器测试条件。最后通过ＪＣＰＤＳＩＣＤＤ（国际粉末衍射数据中心）标准数据库检索出该样品所含的全部化合物     

DDTC—TX—100胶束增溶直接光度法测定水中低含量铜

ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ１００对ＤＤＴＣ（二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠）与铜反应生成的络合物Ｃｕ（ＤＤＴＣ）２有增溶增敏作用，建立了低含量铜直接光度测定法。操作简便快速，选择性、精密度和回收率均较好，相对标准偏差为０８％～４３％，回收率为９６％～１０６％，摩尔吸光系数ε＝６４×１０３Ｌ／（ｍｏｌ·ｃｍ     

Pilot study for the neonatal screening of fragile X syndrome

An Erratum has been published for this article in Prenatal Diagnosis 23 (9), 2003, 771. Fragile X syndrome (SFX) is the commonest form of inherited mental retardation. Due to the highly variable phenotype clinical diagnosis is complicated. In nearly all cases, the disorder is caused by expansion of a CGG-repeat in the 5′-untranslated region of the FMR1 (fragile X mental retardation-1) gene. We have evaluated the feasibility, efficiency and costs of two methodologies in order to develop a simple test to screen large populations: PCR and fragile X mental retardation-1 protein (FMRP) immunodetection. We studied 100 newborn males using PCR and immunodetection (26.91 Euro). All but one amplified the CGG repeat of the FMR1 gene within the normal size range. The sample that failed to amplify showed only 28% of FMRP expression by immunodetection study; both results indicated an affected male. A further 100 males were studied only by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (7.8 Euro); all of them amplified within the normal size range. Both methodologies, PCR and immunodetection, are feasible for screening large populations, PCR being the most suitable, economical and less time-consuming. However, it is advisable to keep slides for immunodetection when PCR fails or the external control shows no amplification. Early detection of SFX-affected individuals would represent a great benefit for their maximum social integration, due to appropriate treatment and early stimulation and would permit a cascade screening in their pedigree. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

恶臭假单胞菌好氧降解高氯联苯的蛋白质组分析

利用固相pH梯度双向凝胶电泳分离恶臭假单胞菌以葡萄糖和Aroclor1260作为营养基质生长的菌株总蛋白,凝胶经银蓝显色后,采用PDQuest图像分析软件比较、分析识别差异表达蛋白,应用MOLDI-TOF-MS得到相应的肽质量指纹图谱,然后搜索数据库鉴定部分差异蛋白点.结果表明,获得了分辨率较高、重复性较好的不同营养基质条件下菌株蛋白的双向凝胶电泳图谱,比较分析共发现80个差异蛋白点,成功鉴定14个差异表达蛋白,包括应激应答蛋白、蛋白质生物合成、运载体和代谢相关酶类.提示与葡萄糖作为生长基质相比,菌体以多氯联苯作为碳源和能源生长时,产生应激,通过增强应激响应蛋白、蛋白质生物合成相关蛋白和相关代谢酶类的表达使细胞在胁迫条件下维持自身的稳定性与生长代谢.     

钙、镁离子在水流作用下对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

为了解在"引江济太"过程中大量钙、镁离子的引入对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响,本实验在控制温度和光照条件下,室内模拟不同钙、镁离子浓度在两个特征流速5 cm/s和15 cm/s下微囊藻的生长。实验结果表明,微囊藻藻密度随钙、镁离子浓度的增加而增加,流速在15cm/s下微囊藻最大藻密度(9 236.4×104cell/mL)是流速为5 cm/s下最大藻密度(2 873.72×104cell/mL)的3倍,流速为15 cm/s下微囊藻最大比增长速率均较5 cm/s下的高。这可能是在水流产生的剪切力作用下藻细胞胞外多糖增加,粘附更多的钙、镁离子更利于钙、镁离子迁移到胞内,同时胞外附着的钙、镁离子尤其钙离子形成桥联,使微囊藻细胞形成群体产生微环境利于微囊藻的生长。水流对微囊藻利用钙、镁离子有重要的影响,这为有效调水抑制蓝藻生长提供科学依据。     

沸石和活性炭处理氨氮废水的实验研究

文章选用具有较强选择性和吸附性的13X沸石和活性炭作为吸附材料,以人工配置的含氨氮废水模拟实际废水,分别以溶液pH值、吸附时间、初始浓度和投加顺序等作为影响因素,通过实验来系统地考察所选材料对废水中氨氮的去除技术参数。结果表明:所选材料具有较好、较稳定的吸收效果,在其他条件一定的情况下,13X沸石在pH值为中性,吸附时间为40 min时对氨氮的去除率最大,达87.9%。且在相同实验条件下,先投放活性炭再投放沸石去除氨氮的效果较好,比先投放沸石然后投放活性炭的效果高出25%左右。