涡轴发动机燃气涡轮叶片热腐蚀机理分析与改进

目的 提高航空发动机燃气涡轮工作叶片的结构完整性、安全性和可靠性。方法 以某型涡轴发动机燃气涡轮转子叶片热腐蚀案例为研究对象,详细阐述热腐蚀下燃气涡轮转子叶片的结构破坏形式,分析发生热腐蚀部位的分布规律。通过冶金分析方法,研究燃气涡轮转子叶片的热腐蚀-疲劳失效形式。结果 燃气涡轮叶片高摩擦系数的区域在高温燃气的冲刷效应以及热盐腐蚀的作用下,发生表面涂层腐蚀剥落。涂层腐蚀剥落部分的叶片合金基体受到高温燃气的氧化与侵蚀后,形成了热腐蚀坑。腐蚀坑表面的凹凸处出现应力集中,并萌生裂纹,最终引起叶片疲劳断裂。结论 探究了典型腐蚀性物质对燃气涡轮转子叶片的耐高温涂层与镍基合金基体侵蚀与氧化的化学本质,最后针对燃气涡轮转子叶片热腐蚀问题提出了改进建议,可对防范航空涡轴发动机热腐蚀问题提供有益参考。     

广东省温泉水和温泉宾馆室内氡浓度研究

利用RAD7和NR-667A测氡仪测量了广东省8处温泉水和温泉宾馆室内外氡浓度。不同地方的温泉水氡浓度差异较大;在浴室内使用温泉水洗浴时,温泉水氡浓度对宾馆室内氡浓度的影响程度也不一样,浴室内平均氡浓度比没有用温泉水时高0.6～18.6倍,卧室内氡浓度比没有用温泉水时高0.3～7.3倍,而且随着温泉水使用状况不同,室内氡浓度也有很大差异。浴室内使用温泉水时计算的氡转换系数较高。有些宾馆室内氡浓度超标,应采取一些管理措施或技术手段降低对宾馆工作人员的暴露水平。     

A comparison of overtime patrol stops made inside and out of cluster identified hotspots

Objective: The annual rate of impaired driving crashes in the United States has remained nearly constant over the last decade. While engineers, educators, enforcement, and emergency response personnel have worked diligently in their combined efforts to reduce the loss of life, there is still significant progress to be made. One area of recent interest is the use of data driven enforcement. The basis for data driven enforcement is the use of statistical clustering to identify geographic areas that represent the location of problem identification for various criminal or traffic offenses. In the case of impaired driving fatalities, the clustering represents locations with high rates of impaired driving crashes. Law enforcement officers and supervisors may allocate resources towards more specifically and efficiently addressing problem areas.

Methods: While data driven enforcement has been proven to be an effective tool in addressing crime and traffic safety problems, it has been a slow process for agencies to adopt data driven techniques. This study aims to explore the difference in traffic stops made inside and outside of hotspot identified areas. The study uses data from the Stark County Operating a Vehicle Impaired Task Force between 2013 and 2014.

Results: The analysis determined that stop occurring in hotspot defined areas are more likely to result in impaired driving arrests and seatbelt citations. Additionally it is found that the average cost of impaired driving arrests is significantly cheaper for stops occurring inside of hotspot areas.

Conclusion: Clustering as a means of directing law enforcement efforts are a way to increase the productivity and benefits of law enforcement agencies with limited finances or personnel. From this study it is seen that traffic stops made within defined cluster or hot spot areas are more effective in resulting in OVI arrests.     

基于LabVIEW设计的热延伸试验机

根据GB/T 5013.1和GB/T 2951.12的要求,对电线电缆的绝缘和护套需要进行热延伸试验。为了提高检测数据的准确性和可靠性,利用LabVIEW设计了热延伸试验机,不仅实现了数据采集、计算、存储及监控,还可以查看历史记录、实时报警等功能。该试验机控制界面设计友好,在线参数设定方便、扩展性强等优点,具有较高的实用价值。     

Wind energy and natural ventilation potential of a wind catcher in Yazd – Iran (a long-term measurement)

When designing energy efficient buildings it is useful to study existing climate—responsive building typologies. The wind towers or wind-catchers of Yazd city in Iran are typical examples of such a typology. Although many previous studies have investigated the performance of various types of wind catcher systems, studies based on a long-term real-life measurement can be rarely found. In this study a long-term whole year monitoring campaign on an existing full scale four sided wind catcher in Yazd was carried out in 2014–2015. Three prevailing wind directions were identified and the measured on-site wind speeds were used to estimate the wind induced natural ventilation potential of the tower. A shaft/tower airflow performance index was developed. The monitoring results were compared to the ASHRAE Standard 62:2001 ventilation rate requirement. Results show that the total ventilation rate of the wind tower surpasses the ASHRAE Standard requirements. Furthermore it shows that the shafts are exposed to the prevailing wind directions perform better. For more effective natural ventilation a wind tower with adaptable openings/shafts are proposed.     

云南,西藏热泉中主要微生物类群及其金成矿作用的研究

从地质微生物生态学的角度研究和阐述了云南和西藏热泉中主要微生物类群及其金成矿作用．发现了热泉中存在的嗜热好氧菌优势菌属为并孢杆菌（Racillus）,放线菌中的优势菌属为链霉菌（Streptomyces）,真菌中优势菌属为曲霉（Aspergillus）,厌氧菌中优势菌为硫酸盐还原菌的脱硫肠状菌属（Desulfotomaculum）和核状芽孢杆菌属（Clostridium）,对吸附聚金、沉淀金的功能菌进行的研究发现．嗜热细菌对溶解金有明显的吸附聚金作用,表明原溶液金大多富集于细胞体;并以芽孢杆菌属K12－1菌株等进行了吸附聚金条件试验．     

北京市区居民区2007年至2009年春节期间燃放鞭炮噪声数据对比分析

利用北京市环境噪声自动监测系统数据对2007年~2009年春节期间北京市城八区居民区声环境质量进行分析,明确了节日期间鞭炮集中燃放时段,分析了该期间市区居民区噪声值的总体变化趋势;根据监测点周围环境特点将监测点分成4种居民区类型,进而分析了不同类型居民区所受鞭炮噪声的不同特征;通过噪声事件频谱图及事件录音回放,分析了鞭炮及烟花的不同频谱特性。     

侧开缝对竖通道内旋转热流场影响的实验研究

为了掌握竖通道两侧开缝对于通道内热流场的影响,在一32cm(长)×32cm(宽)×200cm(高)的竖通道内进行了旋转热流场实验研究,对比了在不同热源条件下,竖通道侧开缝宽度为3.0cm和3.5cm时,侧开缝底部5cm高区域被遮挡前后通道内热流场的变化。实验结果表明,与遮挡前相比,遮挡通道侧开缝底部对火焰燃烧和热流场的运动状态都会产生影响。遮挡通道侧开缝底部区域,会在一定程度上限制外界冷空气进入通道内,从而减弱通道内的火焰旋转程度,致使燃料燃尽的耗时更长,平均火焰高度降低,其影响程度随着燃料池增大而减弱;遮挡侧开缝底部区域后,造成通道内下部区域中心轴线处的温度降低,最大影响区域在50cm高度附近,而在150cm高度以上基本没有影响;平均火焰高度与燃料池直径之比的无量纲量H/Φ与Peclet数之间的比例系数近似为1.732,并且是否遮挡侧开缝底部区域对于两者之间比例关系的影响不大。     

Concentration of some heavy metals in organically grown primitive,old and modern wheat genotypes: Implications for human health

The concentration of six HMs (Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, Hg and Ni) was analysed in 321 organically grown winter and spring wheat genotypes from six genotype groups, i.e. selections, old landraces, primitive wheat, spelt, old cultivars and cultivars. Also the potential risk of individual toxic HM to human health was estimated by using the Hazard Quotient (HQ). Significantly the lowest grain concentration of Cd was found in primitive wheat as compared to all other investigated genotype groups. Intake of HM by consumption of whole wheat grain was not found to pose a health risk to human for any of the investigated genotype groups. The bio-concentration factor of Cd for the different genotype groups indicated a lower ability to accumulate Cd for primitive wheat as compared to other genotype groups. The primitive wheat was found the most promising and might be of interest in future wheat breeding programs to develop wheat genotypes with low HMs concentration in the grain.     

“热洗+助溶剂萃取”技术处理含油污泥的应用

为解决大量堆存的含油污泥可能造成的环境隐患问题,新疆油田公司针对含油污泥无害化、资源化技术进行探索研究。采用"热洗+助溶剂萃取"工艺技术处理,使含油污泥中矿物油含量从处理前的8%～30%降低至处理后的0.3%以下,满足GB 4284—84《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》的要求,有效回收了石油资源,减少环境污染,装置运行能耗成本为62.55元/t,具有运行费用低、操作简便的特点,为油田规模化、产业化处理含油污泥提供借鉴。