从废醋酸锌-活性炭催化剂中提取锌

研究了用微波辐射预处理废醋酸锌-活性炭催化剂提取锌的方法，考察了微波辐射时让、盐酸质量浓度、浸出时间、浸出温度、洗涤次数等因素对锌浸出率的影响。实验结果表明，微波辐射时间对锌的浸出率影响较明显，其他因素对锌的浸出率影响不大。锌的最佳浸出条件为：微波辐射时间30min，液固比（质量比）4：1，浸出剂盐酸的质量浓度30g/L，室温搅拌浸出1h，洗涤5次，在此条件下，锌的平均浸出率为93．55％。     

粉煤灰综合利用的研究进展

从粉煤灰的来源入手,介绍了粉煤灰的化学组成和物质组成,对粉煤灰在污水处理、建材领域和材料学领域等方面的应用机理及国内的应用现状进行了概述,并对粉煤灰的应用进行了展望,用粉煤灰制作的绿色建材和建筑工程,粉煤灰填充材料发展的聚合物复合材料等方面必会有光明的前景.     

黄山市野生兰科植物资源的开发利用

安徽省黄山市有野生兰科植物24属36种，是安徽省兰科植物的集中分布区，且多数种类都具有观赏和药用价值。分析了开发利用中存在的问题，并就其永续利用提出了建议。     

Temporal changes in the utilization of amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis by women of advanced maternal age, 1976–1983

Utilization of amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis because of the indication of advanced maternal age (≥ 35 years at delivery) was examined in the population of B.C. over an 8-year period (1976–1983). As of 1983, approximately one out of three eligible women (≥ 35 years at delivery) is having the test. In the older group (≥ 38 years at delivery) approximately one out of two eligible women is having the test. The data do not indicate that the proportion of eligible women having amniocentesis has reached a plateau; utilization is continuing to increase. It appears that prenatal diagnosis is an ethically acceptable alternative for a large proportion of the population.     

Chemical Warfare Materiel: Unique Regulatory Issues

In those states that have not included CWM as hazardous materials in their RCRA programs, the RCRA requirements for management of hazardous waste would not strictly apply to any of the CWM. The Army has historically implemented procedures requiring that chemical warfare agents be managed as RCRA hazardous waste regardless of the concentration, physical form, or configuration of the agent. Such application of strict hazardous waste requirements to management of potentially nonhazardous CWM can result in remedial costs well out of proportion to potential human health and environmental benefits. Recent development of chronic toxicity values for the CWM has opened the door for development of cleanup and waste management standards for waste streams or media containing small residual amounts of CWM. Implementation of this health-based approach to management of CWM remediation wastes may, in part, help to reduce potentially unnecessary hazardous waste management costs for the nonhazardous CWM.     

Rainwater utilization and storm pollution control based on urban runoff characterization

The characteristics of urban runoffs and their impact on rainwater utilization and storm pollution control were investigated in three different functional areas of Zhengzhou City, China. The results showed that in the same rain event the pollutant loads (chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS)) in the sampling areas were in the order of industrial area > commercial area > residential area, and within the same area the COD and TSS concentrations of road runoffs were higher than those of roof runoffs. The first flush effects in roof and road runoffs were observed, hence the initial rainwater should be treated separately to reduce rainwater utilization cost and control storm pollution. The initial roof rainfall of 2 mm in residential area, 5 mm in commercial area and 10 mm in industrial area, and the initial road rainfall of 4 mm in residential area and all the road rainfall in commercial and industrial areas should be collected and treated accordingly before direct discharge or utilization. Based on the strong correlation between COD and TSS (R~2, 0.87-0.95) and the low biodegradation capacity (biochemical oxygen demand BOD_5/COD < 0.3), a sedimentation process and an effective filtration system composed of soil and slag were designed to treat the initial rainwater, which could remove over 90% of the pollutant loads. The above results may help to develop better rainwater utilization and pollution control strategies for cities with water shortages.     

疏浚淤泥的固化处理技术与资源化利用

阐述了疏浚淤泥的工程特性及其资源化利用的可行途径,着重介绍了目前国内外常用的淤泥固化处理方法(即物理脱水固结、高温烧结和化学固化)及各自存在的优缺点和在工程中的具体应用,并提出应因地制宜地采取经济、合理的固化处理与资源化利用技术处置疏浚淤泥的有效途径。     

城市污泥处理处置管理体系探讨

城市污泥是城市生活和工业废水产生的副产品,具有产量大、成分复杂等特点,给城市的经济和可持续发展造成了巨大的压力。文章主要分析了我国大中型城市在污水处理过程中产生的污泥处理与处置的现状及存在的问题,并以上海为例分析了上海污泥的主要来源、性质及其产生趋势,并在此基础上探讨了污泥处理与处置的管理体系及出路,指出采用合理的多元化路线无疑是解决上海污泥处置的理想路线;国家和地方行政管理部门应加速建立和完善各类污泥处理处置的相关法律法规,加强集中式污水处理厂和企业污泥处理与处置的管理和监督力度并设立污泥处理与处置的专项规划与研究。     

新汶矿区资源综合利用产业模式

新汶矿区以提高资源利用率为中心,以煤伴生资源、煤矸石等废弃资源深度开发为切入点,横向拓宽产业领域,纵向延伸产业链,构建形成了以＂煤、电、化、建＂为主体的矿区产业集群。通过以矸换煤、煤炭地下气化、煤矸石综合利用、煤炭深加工、矿山设备再制造、废水利用等多种途径,提升资源利用深度和广度,实现产业间的废弃资源、废旧产品与主导产业之间的半闭合连接,形成了＂资源-产品-废弃物-再生资源＂的资源综合利用模式,对于矿山企业特别是老矿区实现可持续发展具有一定借鉴意义。     

基于可持续发展的沾益县水资源开发利用

沾益县水资源可持续发展利用需解决工程型和水质型缺水问题,从水资源开发利用原则、饮用水源保护、水环境整治、控制污染源、节水（能）改造5个方面来解决。应以污染总量控制指标建立水资源安全系统和预警机制,保障经济社会和生态环境可持续发展。