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电镀废水膜法回用后浓水达标处理研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文对电镀废水经物化预处理--反渗透回收处理后的膜浓废水作为对象,将微电解--芬顿破反应处理方法作为破络合反应,对重金属、COD的去除方法进行了研究,确定了pH4,双氧水加药量3‰,反应时间60 min,是比较好的破络合反应条件;经破络处理后的废水中,进行pH调节后,投加硫化钠浓度50 mg/L,重金属捕捉剂10 mg/L可以将反渗透膜浓水中较低浓度的重金属及COD处理至国家排放标准。 相似文献
23.
Manfred Fehr 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(2):319-328
As biodegradable material represents approximately 70% of household waste in Brazil, any strategy to divert appreciable waste
quantities from landfills of necessity has to include valorization and recycling of this material. A societal change of attitude
is required to perceive this challenge. Experiments in an urban apartment building are described that produced this change
of attitude with a success factor of 80%. Divided waste collection was implemented that separated at the source biodegradable
from inert material. Correct collection, handling and display procedures were established. Composting of biodegradable material
was carried out under the rooftop of the building as an alternative to using it as animal feed. Half of the inert material
entered the reverse logistics chain and was also diverted from the landfill. Waste related material flow through the building
is completely quantified, food intake and waste production are related, diversion of both biodegradable and inert waste components
from the landfill is measured and the composting process is described. The landfill diversion stands at 61%, mass reduction
through the composting process is 80% and matured compost is returned to residents for use in flower cages. The system has
been operational for two years and stands out as a precedent in successful decentralized household waste management supported
by material flow analysis.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
24.
A hybrid approach using ISM and fuzzy TOPSIS for the selection of reverse logistics provider 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Govindan Kannan Shaligram Pokharel P. Sasi Kumar 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2009,54(1):28-36
Return of used products is becoming an important logistics activity due to government legislation and increasing awareness among the people to protect the environment and reduce waste. For industries, the management of return flow usually requires a specialized infrastructure with special information systems for tracking and dedicated equipment for the processing of returns. Therefore, industries are turning to third-party reverse logistics providers (3PRLPs). In this study, a multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) model in fuzzy environment is developed to guide the selection process of best 3PRLP. The interactions among the criteria are also analyzed before arriving at a decision for the selection of 3PRLP from among 15 alternatives. The analysis is done through Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Finally the effectiveness of the model is illustrated using a case study on battery manufacturing industry in India. 相似文献
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通过对反渗透装置初次化学清洗时进水水质、运行情况、反渗透系统进水端和浓水端情况、保安过滤器滤芯情况分析,确定造成膜污染的主要原因,并针对这些原因采取化学清洗、运行管理等一定措施。措施实施后:反渗透运行周期均有所增加,特别是1#反渗透装置,运行周期增至2 414h,达到健康运行要求。 相似文献
27.
Robert D. Morrison 《Environmental Forensics》2013,14(4):175-195
A multitude of forensic techniques are available for age dating and source identification, including aerial photography interpretation, corrosion models, the commercial availability of a chemical, chemical associations with discrete types of equipment, chemical profiling, degradation models and contaminant transport models. The success of these techniques in environmental litigation and their applicability to a particular fact situation is rarely discussed in the literature. When these techniques are introduced as scientific evidence, their governing assumptions and the adequacy of the underlying data are rigorously scrutinized and often, successfully challenged. The purpose of this paper is to review selected forensic techniques and discuss their merits so that the user can select the technique or combination of techniques most appropriate for the factual elements of the case. 相似文献
28.
Xiaoyun Bing Marlies de Keizer Jacqueline M. Bloemhof-Ruwaard Jack G.A.J. van der Vorst 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(4):719-729
Plastic waste is a special category of municipal solid waste. Plastic waste collection is featured with various alternatives of collection methods (curbside/drop-off) and separation methods (source-/post-separation). In the Netherlands, the collection routes of plastic waste are the same as those of other waste, although plastic is different than other waste in terms of volume to weight ratio. This paper aims for redesigning the collection routes and compares the collection options of plastic waste using eco-efficiency as performance indicator. Eco-efficiency concerns the trade-off between environmental impacts, social issues and costs. The collection problem is modeled as a vehicle routing problem. A tabu search heuristic is used to improve the routes. Collection alternatives are compared by a scenario study approach. Real distances between locations are calculated with MapPoint. The scenario study is conducted based on real case data of the Dutch municipality Wageningen. Scenarios are designed according to the collection alternatives with different assumptions in collection method, vehicle type, collection frequency and collection points, etc. Results show that the current collection routes can be improved in terms of eco-efficiency performance by using our method. The source-separation drop-off collection scenario has the best performance for plastic collection assuming householders take the waste to the drop-off points in a sustainable manner. The model also shows to be an efficient decision support tool to investigate the impacts of future changes such as alternative vehicle type and different response rates. 相似文献
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30.
Ezutah Udoncy OluguKuan Yew Wong Awaludin Mohamed Shaharoun 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(6):567-579
The main purpose of this study was to develop a set of measures for evaluating the performance of the automobile green supply chain. This study reviewed various literatures on green supply chain performance measurement, environmental management, traditional supply chain performance measurement, and automobile supply chain management. In order to comprehensively and effectively establish the relevant measures, a suitable framework which considered the automobile green supply chain as a two-in-one chain was adopted. This two-in-one chain comprised a forward and backward chain for the automobile industry. Consequently, 10 measures with 49 metrics and 6 measures with 23 metrics were identified and developed for the forward and backward chains, respectively. Sequel to the development of these measures, a survey was conducted using a four-page questionnaire distributed to experts (including academics and practitioners) to establish their importance and applicability. The findings of this study suggested that the importance and applicability of all the developed measures have been substantiated. For the forward chain, the most crucial measure was customer perspective while the most applicable one was traditional supply chain cost. The reverse chain measures were topped by management commitment in terms of both importance and applicability. This study contributed to the advancement of knowledge by pioneering the development of a set of holistic measures for evaluating the performance of the automobile green supply chain. The study was wrapped up with the proposition of directions for further studies. 相似文献