典型地区饱和土壤中硝态氮垂直运移及拟合

采用室内土柱模拟的方法, 研究了封丘地区农田土壤中硝态氮垂直运移规律. 结果表明: 在饱和条件下, 不同浓度硝态氮溶液(100mg·L^-1、200mg·L^-1)处理的土壤, 硝态氮运移的穿透曲线间无明显影响. 用含有不同价态陪伴阳离子(K⁺和Ca²⁺)的硝态氮溶液处理黄潮土0～30cm土层和风沙土, 硝态氮运移的穿透曲线基本重合; 而陪伴Ca²⁺硝态氮溶液处理的黄潮土30～60cm、60～90cm土层中硝态氮出流时间具有滞后效应. 硝态氮溶液全部运移出土体所需时间越长, 穿透曲线越平缓、峰值越低. CXTFIT2.0数学模型估算的稳定水流条件下饱和土壤中硝态氮淋失量具有较高精度, 相关系数均达到极显著水平.     

区域环评是EIA向SEA的过渡--以沈阳农业高新技术开发区规划环评为例介绍SEA

环境影响评价的发展过程就是人们对环境认识深化的过程。本文对我国环境影响评价的发展进程进行了分析,并以沈阳农业高新技术开发区规划环评为例,简要介绍了规划环评的方法。     

我国开展政策环评的必要性及其基本框架研究

政策环评对决策科学化和民主化具有重要意义，我国2014年修订的《环境保护法》也为开展政策环评提供了一定法律依据。然而，由于我国政治体制和决策模式与西方国家明显不同，政策环评不能照搬国外模式，必须基于自身国情探索中国模式。为此，本文对国际上比较有代表性的政策环评实践进行了总结，对我国开展政策环评的必要性进行了分析，并探讨了我国开展政策环评需要考虑的关键问题，包括政策环评的目的、对象、重点和程序等。具体而言，对于实施政策环评的目的，可表述为健全决策机制、促进环境公平和凝聚社会共识三个方面；对于评价对象，在广义上可包含目前环境影响评价法尚未覆盖的所有高层次决策，在狭义上可将政府部门制定的行政法规、规章和规范性文件等作为重点；对于评价重点，建议整合"以影响为核心"的战略环评和"以制度为核心"的战略环评两种类型的优点，兼顾影响评价和制度评价；对于评价程序，政策环评应基于完全理性决策模式，与政策过程充分融合，在不同阶段分别发挥不同作用。     

加拿大战略环境影响评价的经验与启示

战略环境影响评价(简称战略环评)是加拿大政府实施可持续发展的一个重要手段。尽管加拿大的战略环境影响评价发展较快,形式多样,但其战略环评的理念及方法却有其一般的规律和特点。本文将介绍加拿大战略环境影响评价的理念、特点及评价方法,分析加拿大战略环评对我国的启示。     

Elements of an SEA framework— improving the added-value of SEA

Debate across the impact assessment community has been significantly influenced by the emergence of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in the past few years. Although there are still difficulties regarding the understanding of its nature and technicalities, the need for it was acknowledged, and practice is taking place in diverse forms. Such diversity of approaches to SEA, while enriching debate, are critically confusing the relationship of SEA with other planning and impact assessment tools. In this paper it is argued that the value of SEA is a function of the extent it influences, and adds value, to decision making. Following that rationale, the paper suggests that SEA should be conceptualized as a framework, defined by core elements, that are incrementally integrated into policy and planning procedures and practices, whatever decision-making system in place. It is believed that in this way SEA may better satisfy one of its acknowledged aims and benefits, which is to help achieve sustainable development by changing the way decisions are made.     

环境影响评价研究的发展方向

综述了环境影响评价理论的发展历程及当前环境影响评价的发展方向,包括发展清洁生产战略、完善公众参与机制、推进生态建设项目环评、做好环境风险评价和规划环评、完善战略环境评价理论和制度等几方面的研究进展.     

港口总体规划环境影响评价研究

文章基于《规划环境影响评价技术导则(试行)》,并结合目前我国港口总体规划的特点和我国多个港口总体规划环境影响评价实践工作,对港口总体规划环境影响评价评价重点内容、技术路线和评价方法等方面进行了研究和总结,为其它港口总体规划环境影响评价的实践工作提供参考和借鉴。     

经济发展、能源消费与资源环境协调性分析规划环评案例研究

新疆作为国家重要的能源资源战略基地,面临水资源短缺,绿洲生态系统脆弱等多种资源环境制约因素。文章改进经济-能源-资源环境复合系统协调性分析模型,以《新疆维吾尔自治区“十二五”能源发展规划环评》为案例对象,研究新疆2001年-2009年经济发展、能源消费和资源环境的协调性历史演变过程,结合实际数据探讨其发展过程中呈现的特征,预测“十二五”末复合系统的协调度发展趋势,为新疆今后实现协调可持续发展给出对策建议。     

Using the multiple capitals framework to connect indicators of regional cumulative impacts of mining and pastoralism in the Murray Darling Basin,Australia

It is commonly recognized that there are constraints to successful regional-scale assessment and monitoring of cumulative impacts because of challenges in the selection of coherent and measurable indicators of the effects. It has also been sensibly declared that the connections between components in a region are as important as the state of the elements themselves. These have previously been termed “linked” cumulative impacts/effects. These connections can be difficult to discern because of a complicated set of interactions and unexpected linkages. In this paper we diagnose that a significant cause of these constraints is the selection of indicators without due regard for their inter-relationships in the formulation of the indicator set. The paper examines whether the common “forms of capital”, i.e., natural (renewable and non-renewable), manufactured, social, human and financial capitals, framework is a potential organizing structure. We examine a large region in western NSW Australia where the predominant production systems are mining and grazing for production of wool, beef and lamb. Production in both is driven by consumption of a non-renewable resource, i.e., ore for mining and topsoil for grazing, the latter on the basis that loss rate estimates far exceed soil formation rates. We propose that the challenge of identifying connections of components within and between capital stores can be approached by explicitly separating stores of capital and the flows of capital between stores and between elements within stores, so-called capital fluxes. We attempt to acquire data from public sources for both capital stores and fluxes. The question of whether these data are a sufficient base for regional assessment, with particular reference to connections, is discussed. The well-described challenge of a comparative common currency for stores and fluxes is also discussed. We conclude that the data acquisition is relatively successful for stores and fluxes. A number of linked impacts are identified and discussed. The potential use of money as the common currency for stores and fluxes of capital is considered. The basic proposition is that replacement or preservation costs be used for this. We conclude that the study is sufficiently positive to consider further research in fully-coupled models of capital stores and fluxes.     

战略环评中大气环境影响评价技术体系研究

基于国内外战略环评的研究进展,调研了国内战略环评、规划环评等研究取得的成果,分析了当前战略环评中大气环境影响评价研究中存在的问题,最终提出了一套大气战略环境评价技术体系,并对大气战略环评的研究方法做了明确要求,从而为环境管理者进行科学、有效的决策提供技术支持。