异丙甲草胺与锌共存对斜生栅藻毒性手性差异影响

为评价重金属与手性农药共存的生物选择性毒性,采用毒性试验标准方法研究了Rac-、S-异丙甲草胺单独及与锌共存对斜生栅藻的手性毒性差异.结果表明,Zn2+存在条件下Rac-、S-异丙甲草胺对斜生栅藻的生长趋势影响与除草剂单独作用时的趋势基本相同,Zn2+的存在降低了高浓度除草剂对斜生栅藻的生长抑制作用,处理初期(24 h)0.30 mg·L-1Rac-和S-异丙甲草胺单独对斜生栅藻生长的抑制率分别为49.61%和59.73%,与Zn2+联合作用其抑制率分别为38.41%和42.52%.Zn2+的存在增加了Rac-和S-异丙甲草胺对斜生栅藻的立体选择性毒性差异,使S-异丙甲草胺急性毒性增大的程度大于Rac-异丙甲草胺毒性的增加;与Zn2+的联合毒性作用类型表现为除草剂在低浓度下为部分相加作用,高浓度下为拮抗作用;除草剂单独及与Zn2+联合作用处理96 h后的斜生栅藻叶绿素含量变化与其生长趋势基本一致.     

Validation of photosynthetic-fluorescence parameters as biomarkers for isoproturon toxic effect on alga Scenedesmus obliquus

Photosynthetic-fluorescence parameters were investigated to be used as valid biomarkers of toxicity when alga Scenedesmus obliquus was exposed to isoproturon [3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] effect. Chlorophyll fluorescence induction of algal cells treated with isoproturon showed inactivation of photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers and strong inhibition of PSII electron transport. A linear correlation was found (R2>or=0.861) between the change of cells density affected by isoproturon and the change of effective PSII quantum yield (PhiM'), photochemical quenching (qP) and relative photochemical quenching (qP(rel)) values. The cells density was also linearly dependent (R2=0.838) on the relative unquenched fluorescence parameter (UQF(rel)). Non-linear correlation was found (R2=0.937) only between cells density and the energy transfer efficiency from absorbed light to PSII reaction center (ABS/RC). The order of sensitivity determined by the EC-50% was: UQF(rel)>PhiM'>qP>qP(rel)>ABS/RC. Correlations between cells density and those photosynthetic-fluorescence parameters provide supporting evidence to use them as biomarkers of toxicity for environmental pollutants.     

阿特拉津对铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻生长的影响

在实验室内利用MA培养液培养,通过测定藻生长量和叶绿素a含量,研究不同浓度下的阿特拉津对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)生长的影响,并以藻细胞数表示的最大比生长率为指标,评价2种藻对阿特拉津的敏感性.结果表明,在0.001～5.000 mg·L-1质量浓度范围内,阿特拉津对铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻的生长表现出低浓度刺激、高浓度抑制的效应,且阿特拉津对四尾栅藻的刺激效应明显大于铜绿微囊藻.     

Biotransformation of ethinylestradiol by microalgae

The capability of biotransformation of 11 microalgae strains was tested on ethinylestradiol (EE). Seven strains were ineffective whilst Selenastrum capricornutum, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Scenedesmus vacuolatus and Ankistrodesmus braunii biotransformed the substrate. EE was converted by S. capricornutum in three products (ethinylestradiol glucoside, 3-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxyethinylestradiol, and 3-β-d-glucopyranosyl-6β-hydroxyethinyl estradiol) in 40%, 5%, and 5% yields, respectively. S. quadricauda transformed EE into 17-ethinyl-1,4-estradien-10,17β-diol-3-one (12%) and A. braunii transformed EE into 6--hydroxy-ethinylestradiol (25%).

It is noteworthy that EE is converted in 92% yield in ethinylestradiol glucoside by S. capricornutum when using optimal algal density conditions.     

竞争条件下光照对两种淡水藻生长的影响

研究了铜绿微囊藻与斜生栅藻在单种和三种配比(10:1、1:1、1:10)共同培养条件下,不同的光照强度对其生长的影响,计算了不同培养体系中两种藻的磷吸收半饱和常数。结果表明:单独培养时,铜绿微囊藻在3000lx获得最大增长率,而斜生栅藻在5000lx时增值最快;共同培养时,两种藻的生长速率相对单独培养条件下均有不同程度的下降,两种藻之间存在着互相的竞争抑制作用;在10:1共培养条件下,栅藻对微囊藻的抑制作用超过了微囊藻对栅藻的抑制作用;在1:1和1:10共培养条件下,光强低于6600lx时,微囊藻对栅藻的抑制作用相对于栅藻对微囊藻的抑制作用更大。从光吸收半饱和常数看,微囊藻的光吸收的半饱和常数总是小于栅藻,可见微囊藻对光更具亲和性。总体上看,较低光照下,微囊藻的竞争能力强于栅藻,微囊藻竞争成为优势种具有较高的概率;而光照强度较大时,栅藻竞争成为优势种具较高的概率。     

氮磷对微囊藻和栅藻生长及竞争的影响

为了揭示不同营养条件下,藻类优势种的形成规律,选取了3种具有代表性水体的营养盐浓度,对于蓝藻水华的常见种铜绿微囊藻和绿藻水华的常见种四尾栅藻进行了竞争实验.通过竞争抑制参数对相互间的竞争关系进行了分析.结果表明,在贫营养水平下,栅藻的存在能够刺激微囊藻的生长,N/P值越小,刺激作用越明显,微囊藻也能刺激栅藻的生长;富营养水平下,竞争抑制作用与N/P有关;超富营养水平下,栅藻对微囊藻的抑制能力约为微囊藻对栅藻的抑制能力的3倍,N/P值的变化对竞争抑制作用的影响不明显.在较低氮磷浓度的水体中,微囊藻容易成为优势种,而在较高的氮磷浓度的水体中,四尾栅藻更容易成为优势种.     

草履虫对四尾栅藻的生长抑制性研究

为探究原生生物在治理富营养化水体水华方面的潜在作用,使用一种原生生物一草履虫与生长期和成熟期四尾栅藻混合培养,研究草履虫的吞噬性对栅藻的生长抑制作用.结果表明,在繁殖旺盛、生长活跃的时期,草履虫通过其在捕食过程中的吞噬作用,能够对栅藻产生吞噬.在栅藻生长稳定期,草履虫对栅藻具有一定的吞噬效率,最大吞噬效率达到8.93％...     

头孢拉定及光降产物对藻类生长影响的研究

文章研究头孢拉定和经紫外光降解不同时间的头孢拉定产物对铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻生长及叶绿素a含量的影响.结果表明,头孢拉定对两种藻均有抑制作用,且随着浓度的增加抑制作用加强,但两者的抑制效果不同;3 mg/L的头孢拉定能显著抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长以及叶绿素a含量的增加,但对斜生栅藻只有微弱的抑制作用,即便是10 mg/L的头...     

Rac-及S-异丙甲草胺对2种微藻毒性特征影响研究

应用急性毒性试验方法,在对映体水平上研究了除草剂Rac-及S-异丙甲草胺对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)和普通核小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的急性毒性特征及腐殖酸对除草剂毒性的影响.结果表明,Rac-及S-异丙甲草胺的急性毒性与浓度及暴露时间呈正相关,Rac-及S-异丙甲草胺对微藻细胞的急性毒性存在立体选择性差异.Rac-异丙甲草胺对普通核小球藻和斜生栅藻的EC50,96 h分别是S-异丙甲草胺的2.25和1.81倍,S-异丙甲草胺对微藻细胞的生态毒性较大,而斜生栅藻对Rac-及S-异丙甲草胺的敏感性更强,且Rac-及S-异丙甲草胺对斜生栅藻和普通核小球藻的急性毒性存在一定的线性相关性.腐殖酸的加入能够改变Rac-及S-异丙甲草胺对微藻细胞生态毒性,对S-异丙甲草胺的生态毒性的影响更为明显(P<0.05).     

Algal purification of pretreated landfill Leachate

The efficiency of microalgae in removing various pollutants in landfill leachate after pretreatment by free stripping or air stripping was tested by a laboratory batch system. The results showed that Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus sp. had similar removal efficiencies with regard to ammoniacal‐nitrogen, oxidized‐nitrogen, orthophosphate and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The COD removal by algal treatment was better in Junk Bay (JB) leachate than in Gin Drinkers’ Bay (GDB) leachate (14–21% and 0.4–7% respectively). No significant difference (P > 0.05) was found in removing other nutrients including ammoniacal‐nitrogen, oxidized‐nitrogen and orthophosphate between leachate from the two landfills, regardless of the pretreatment used. The removal efficiencies of ammoniacal‐nitrogen and phosphorus were found to be higher in air‐stripped leachate than in free‐stripped one. Removal of ammoniacal‐nitrogen and phosphorus in air‐stripped leachate was 30% and 87% respectively. Poor removal of ammoniacal‐nitrogen was probably due to a deficiency in phosphorus (high N : P ratio) for algal growth in leachate. The two‐stage leachate treatment (ammonia stripping followed by algal purification) resulted in overall reduction of COD (38–51%), ammoniacal‐nitrogen (72–96%) and orthophosphate (79–96%).