固定化细胞技术在废水处理中的应用

固定化（主要为固定化微生物）技术，由于降解效率高，抗逆性强等优点，在废水处理中应用广泛。按作用方式不同，固定化技术可分为4类，其中吸附法与包埋法应用较多。为提高机械强度与处理效率，包埋剂常与交联剂和吸附剂联用。结合90年代以来，固定化方法的研究成果和应用实例对化技术作了较全面的论述。     

海藻酸钠包埋活性炭与活性污泥的固定化技术

以海藻酸钠为包埋剂，以粉末活性炭和硅藻土分别为吸附剂，探索了用蠕动泵滴动法制备固定化活性污泥球形颗粒的工艺过程，并对所制备的固定化活性污泥球形颗粒，进行了餐厅废水的处理静态实验，从中检验了固定化颗粒的性能。实验结果表明，以活性炭为吸附剂添加制得的固定化活性污泥球形颗粒，具有较好的处理能力，是一种合适的材料，而以硅藻作为吸附剂添加时则效果较差。     

固相反射散射分光光度法测定化妆品中的铅

在酸性条件下 ,铅 ( )与玫瑰红酸钠形成紫红色络合物沉淀 ,该沉淀能被均匀地抽滤到一定表面积的滤纸上。本文采用固相反射散射分光光度法直接测定滤纸上负载的络合物的反射吸收值 AR,铅的含量在 0～ 8μg/ m L的范围内 AR与浓度有良好的线性关系。方法简便、快速 ,检出限为 0 .0 5μg/ m L。相对标准偏差为3.0 %。方法用于化妆品中铅的测定 ,结果令人满意     

原子吸收法测定降水中的钾、钠、钙、镁的改进

对标准分析方法中的K、Na、Ca、Mg分开测定改进为混合测定。改进法与标准法的校准曲线、精密度与准确度均较为一致。改进法简化了操作程序，提高了工作效率。     

泥炭树脂颗粒对水溶液中十二烷基苯磺酸钠的去除

泥炭树脂颗粒对水溶液中十二烷基苯磺酸钠 (SDBS)具有很好的去除效果。数据分析表明 ,Freundlich和 Langmuir吸附等温方程可以很好地描述这一过程。通过 L angmuir方程计算出颗粒对 SDBS的最大吸附量为 3 3 .3 3 mg·g- 1。在试验条件下 ,吸附量随着 SDBS的初始浓度增加而增加 ,当溶液的初始 p H在 4～ 8的范围时 ,颗粒对 SDBS吸附量变化很小。溶液的初始浓度对吸附速率产生明显影响 ,浓度越低吸附速率越快 ,达到吸附平衡所需的时间越短。准二级动力学模型能够很好地描述颗粒对 SDBS的吸附过程。     

配水管网中卤乙酸的研究

液氯消毒导致给水输配管网中产生消毒副产物对人体健康造成危害的问题引起了人们越来越多的关注。在对北方某城市配水管网水质大量调查的基础上,分析了卤乙酸与温度、余氯、氨氮、UV254等主要水质指标在配水管网中的变化规律。     

Characteristics of a bioxalate chelating extraction process for removal of chromium,copper and arsenic from treated wood

The disposal of wood waste treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a problem in many countries. We have proposed a novel chelating extraction technique for CCA-treated wood using bioxalate, a solution of oxalic acid containing sufficient sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 3.2, which is an effective way to obtain an extraction efficiency of 90% for chromium, copper, and arsenic. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of bioxalate extraction of CCA-treated wood. Extractions of CCA-treated western hemlock chips with solutions of bioxalate, oxalic acid, and sodium hydroxide were carried out. The use of bioxalate was confirmed as the most effective extraction technique for chromium, copper and arsenic, with an efficiency of 90%. Extraction with simple oxalic acid was ineffective for copper (less than 40% extraction efficiency), but effective for chromium and arsenic, with 90% efficiency. Sodium hydroxide showed a similar tendency, being ineffective for chromium and copper (less than 20% extraction efficiency), but relatively effective for arsenic (around 70–80% efficiency). We also discovered an interesting phenomenon whereby the addition of sodium hydroxide to a simple oxalic acid solution during the oxalic acid extraction progress resulted in dramatically increased extraction efficiency for copper, chromium and arsenic, up to 90%. Although oxalic acid was ineffective for copper extraction, the addition of sodium hydroxide during the oxalic acid extraction process rendered it effective.     

Effects of oil sands process-affected waters and naphthenic acids on yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and Japanese medaka (Orizias latipes) embryonic development

Syncrude Canada Ltd. is currently developing environmentally acceptable oil sands process-affected water management methods as part of their land reclamation strategy. Surface waters of the “wet landscape” reclamation option characteristically have elevated concentrations of sodium sulphate and naphthenic acids (NAs), with low levels of PAHs. The following experiment compared early-life stage responses of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) to those of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) when exposed to Mildred Lake settling basin (MLSB) surface water and a commercial sodium naphthenate (Na-NA) standard. Perch eggs were fertilized and incubated in: 100%, 50%, 20%, 4%, 0.8%, and 0.16% dilutions of MLSB water, as well as 20, 10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/l solutions of the commercial standard. Medaka embryos were exposed to the same treatments, post-fertilization. Both species demonstrated an increase in the incidence of deformity, and a decrease in length at hatch as NA concentrations increased. MLSB surface water contained higher levels of NAs than the commercial standard, however, showed consistently higher NA threshold effect concentrations for both species. Significant differences between the MLSB water and the Na-NA standard suggest that they contain NA congeners with different toxicity, or other compounds such as PAHs. Species differences in thresholds could be explained by the difference in developmental stage in which the exposures were initiated.     

木质素磺酸盐接枝改性的条件优化

以粘度和产率为表征,研究不同引发剂、温度、单体丙烯酰胺用量、反应时间对木质素磺酸钠与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚反应的影响,并对木质素磺酸钠接枝共聚条件进行优化。结论:K2S2O8引发的接枝反应产物具有较大粘度和产率,而(NH4)2S2O8、Na2S2O3·5H2O引发体系得到共聚物粘度和产率相对较小,所以该研究采用K2S2O8作为引发剂;通过三因素三水平的正交试验得出对共聚物的产率与粘度的影响顺序为单体丙烯酰胺用量大于反应温度大于反应时间;接枝共聚反应的优化条件是K2S2O8引发剂浓度6×10-3mol/L,反应温度为45℃,反应时间为4 h,单体丙烯酰胺与木钠比为4:1,蒸馏水与木钠比5:1。     

关于使用硫代硫酸钠溶液省略标定过程的讨论

通过实验证明使用低浓度的硫代硫酸的钠标液时，可用已配制标定好的硫代硫酸钠标准贮备液直接稀释使用，不需重新标定。此法切实可行，完全能满足样品分析的要求，既省时省力，又节约试剂，值得推广。