苯磺酸法制备二氧化氯的研究

亚氯酸钠-苯磺酸制备二氧化氯的方法进行了系统研究,通过正交试验确定了最佳反应条件,并考察了反应时间和反应温度对二氧化氯浓度和纯度的影响。该法反应迅速,可以制备出高纯二氧化氯,反应易于控制,苯磺酸可作为快速释放型二氧化氯固体制剂的活化剂。     

Thermodynamics of NaHCO3 decomposition during Na2CO3-based CO2 capture

Amine-basedcarbon-capture technologies have been shown to be energetically expensive and to cause significant environmental and epidemiological impacts due to their volatility.Bicarbonate formation from carbon dioxide's reaction with water has been suggested as an effective alternative for capturing CO_2;however,the thermodynamics of this reaction are not well understood.This study experimentally determined the equilibrium constant of sodium bicarbonate(Na HCO_3)decomposition to sodium,water,and carbon dioxide;the study also compared the equilibrium constant to theoretical calculations.Using a combination of experimentation and thermodynamic relationships,the unitless equilibrium constants of the forward and reverse reactions were calculated accurately(error±9%and±4%,respectively).Equilibrium data were calculated using enthalpy and entropy values of each component of Na HCO_3decomposition at temperatures ranging from 25 to 155°C respectively.These results offer more data essential to optimizing Na HCO_3use in environmentally friendly nextgeneration CO_2-capture technologies.     

Reaction mechanism and kinetics of Criegee intermediate and hydroperoxymethyl formate

The reaction mechanism and kinetics of the simplest Criegee intermediate CH₂OO reaction with hydroperoxymethyl formate (HPMF) was investigated at high-level quantum chemistry calculations. HPMF has two reactive functional groups, -C(O)OH and -OOH. The calculated results of thermodynamic data and rate constants indicated that the insertion reactions of CH₂OO with –OOH group of HPMF were more favorable than the reactions of CH₂OO with -C(O)OH group. The calculated overall rate constant was 2.33 × 10^?13 cm³/(molecule?sec) at 298 K and the rate constants decreased as the temperature increased from 200 to 480 K. In addition, we also proved the polymerization reaction mechanism between CH₂OO and -OOH of HPMF. This theoretical study interpreted the previous experimental results, and supplied the structures of the intermediate products that couldn't be detected during the experiment.     

KZNJ-1型高效口罩效率检测装置的研制

本文详细介绍了KZM-1型高效口罩效率检测装置的研制背景、检测原理和装置性能，实验研究结果表明：此检测装置的各项性能指标均达到国家标准GB19083和GB2626的要求。     

Chronic Toxicity of 1080 and its Implications for Conservation Management: A New Zealand Case Study

Sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) is a mammalian pesticide used in different parts of the world for the control of mammalian pest species. In New Zealand it is used extensively and very successfully as a conservation management tool for the control of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) – an introduced marsupial that has become a substantial agricultural and conservation management pest. Possums pose a threat to cattle farming in New Zealand as they are a vector for bovine tuberculosis. In protected natural areas, possum browsing is responsible for large scale defoliation of native vegetation. As with many other pesticides, there has been some degree of popular concern about the use of this toxin and its safety, with particular reference to non-target effects. These concerns have been associated with potential non-target effects on human health, and the health of animals of recreational value (e.g., hunting dogs and game animals). This has led to the development of a strong “anti-1080” lobby in New Zealand. In contrast, this study encompasses a science-based risk analysis focusing on the potential risks to non-target native wildlife with a particular focus on chronic toxicity. It finds that there is evidence that 1080 may have endocrine disrupting capabilities (with potential relevance for non-target wildlife) but that this still needs more detailed investigation. This can be clarified by further targeted research. Further research is also needed to test the degradation rates of 1080 and its breakdown products at ecologically-relevant temperatures (i.e., winter stream temperatures – below 11 °C). Such research may demonstrate that some adjustment to 1080 risk management is warranted in New Zealand, or it may help to put to rest the current controversy over the use of this cost effective conservation management tool.     

Suppression of male reproduction in rats after exposure to sodium fluoride during early stages of development

Sodium fluoride (NaF), a widespread natural pollutant was given to sperm-positive female rats throughout gestation and lactation at a dose of 4.5 and 9.0 ppm via drinking water. The neonates were allowed to grow up to 90 days on tap water, and then sperm parameters, testicular steroidogenic marker enzyme activity levels, and circulatory hormone levels were studied. The sperm count, sperm motility, sperm coiling (hypoosmotic swelling test), and sperm viability were decreased in experimental rats when compared with controls. The activity levels of testicular steroidogenic marker enzymes (3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) were significantly decreased in experimental animals indicating decreased steroidogenesis. The serum testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels were also significantly altered in experimental animals. Our data indicate that exposure to NaF during gestation and lactation affects male reproduction in adult rats by decreasing spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis.     

Effect of sodium alginate on phosphorus recovery by vivianite precipitation

There are good prospects for phosphorus recovery from excess sludge by vivianite crystallization while a large number of extracellular polymeric substances in sludge will have impact on vivianite precipitation. In this study, as a representative of extracellular polymeric substance, the effect of sodium alginate (SA) on phosphorus recovery by vivianite precipitation under different initial SA concentrations (0–800 mg/L), pH values (6.5–9.0) and Fe/P molar ratios (1:1–2.4:1) was investigated using synthetic wastewater. The results showed that SA in low concentrations (≤400 mg/L) had little inhibitory effect on the phosphorus recovery rate. However, when the concentration of SA was larger than 400 mg/L, the phosphorus recovery rate decreased significantly with increasing SA concentrations. The inhibition rate of 800 mg/L SA was about 3 times as large as that of 400 mg/L SA. It was worth noting that the inhibitory effect of SA on vivianite precipitation decreased with increasing initial pH and Fe/P molar ratios. Additionally, SA has no obvious influence on the composition of products, but the morphology of harvested crystals was transformed from branches to plates or rods in uneven sizes.     

蜡样芽孢杆菌中甲酸脱氢酶基因产氢研究

通过基因筛选,成功分离并克隆到蜡样芽胞杆菌XN12（Bacillus cereus XN12）的甲酸脱氢酶基因fdhF（formate dehydrogenase）,该基因全长2937bp,GC含量39.3%,编码978个氨基酸,与已报道的蜡样芽孢杆菌Q1的fdhF基因（GenBank No.CP000227.1）同源性达到100%.将其连接在表达载体pET32a上并融合His标签,构建了重组质粒pET32a-FDHF-His,转入大肠杆菌BL21（Escherichia coli BL21）后获得了高效表达.重组菌株经IPTG诱导后经WesternBlot分析表明,重组蛋白分子量约为108kDa.通过对重组菌株产氢性能试验表明,重组菌对提高产氢率具有一定促进作用,产氢量为每消耗1mol的葡萄糖和甲酸盐分别能产生0.73mol和0.20mol的氢气.     

The effect of male sodium diet and mating history on female reproduction in the puddling squinting bush brown<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Bicyclus anynana</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera)

The males of butterflies transfer a spermatophore to the female during mating that can contain nutrients enhancing the reproductive potential of their partners. The nutrients transferred by males can be derived from both larval and adult feeding. These nutrients may be depleted by multiple matings. An apparent difference in adult feeding behaviour between the sexes is puddling on mud, dung and carrion, which in most butterfly species is exclusively a male behaviour. A possible explanation for this division in feeding behaviour is that nutrients derived from puddling by males are transferred to the female during mating. Here, we test this hypothesis in the African fruit-feeding butterfly Bicyclus anynana. We varied the male nuptial gift by (1) feeding males either a diet with or without sodium, and (2) varying the number of previous successful copulations by remating males up to five times on consecutive days. The results show both a strong effect of order of mating on the mating duration, and an individual effect with some males typically copulating for a shorter time than others. The effects on female reproduction were, however, minimal. The total number of eggs per female and the sodium content of the eggs did not differ significantly between diets, nor were they affected by the mating histories of the males. Eggs showed a non-significant lower hatching for females partnered by a male who had already mated several times. There was an indication of an interaction with male diet: the sodium treatment showing a decline in egg hatchability with order number of male mating, whilst the control treatment showed a constant hatchability. The results are discussed in relation to determinants of male gift-giving strategy and to other potential explanations for a restriction of puddling to males in butterflies.Communicated by M.A. Elgar