钝顶螺旋藻固定模拟烟道气中的CO_2

研究了钝顶螺旋藻对模拟烟道气中CO2的固定性能,及其对NOx和SOx水溶形态亚硝态氮、亚硫酸氢根的耐受性。结果显示：随CO2浓度的增加,藻细胞达到最大比生长速率的时间缩短,CO2浓度为15%时藻细胞比生长速率达到最大的时间最短,生物量最终达到最大值4.1 g/L;CO2浓度为15%时藻细胞的固碳率为12.34 mg/（L·h）。研究发现,钝顶螺旋藻能够耐受浓度小于10 mmol/L的亚硝态氮,可将其作为钝顶螺旋藻生长的唯一氮源,但藻生长的延迟期增长。钝顶螺旋藻能够耐受8 mmol/L的亚硫酸氢盐,可将其作为生长的唯一硫源,藻细胞6 d后开始快速增长。     

钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)对生活污水的生物净化与修复

探讨了钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis,SP)对生活污水的生物修复与净化作用。用厨房污水(KW)接种SP后摇瓶光照培养,观察藻细胞在KW中的生长状态,分析其中β-胡萝卜素和C-藻蓝蛋白的含量,并比较接种前和培养10d后KW中BOD、COD、NH3-N、NO3-N和PO4-P质量浓度的变化。结果发现,SP可在KW原液(KW100)和80%(体积分数)KW(KW80)中维持较好生长,并且藻细胞中C-藻蓝蛋白含量明显增加(P0.05)。培养10d后,KW100中BOD、COD、NH3-N、NO3-N和PO34-P的去除率分别为77.6%、75.2%、97.8%、98.2%和64.5%,对KW100中Zn、Se等元素能够有效富集,对一些重金属污染物的去除率也大于50%。研究结果表明,螺旋藻培养对生活污水有较好的生物净化作用。     

螺旋藻和菌-藻共生系统处理啤酒废水

利用螺旋藻、由真菌和螺旋藻组成的菌-藻共生系统处理啤酒废水,旨在为啤酒废水的资源化利用提供一条可行的途径。由螺旋藻和真菌形成的菌丝球组成菌-藻共生系统处理啤酒废水,与螺旋藻单独处理废水作对比,比较两者的废水净化效果以及螺旋藻的生长情况。从2组实验对比情况来看,菌-藻共生系统对啤酒废水的处理效果更好。螺旋藻和菌．藻共生系统对啤酒废水中几种主要污染物的去除率分别为：COD70．59％和77．81％,TN70．17％和84．28％,TP37．99％和50．88％。螺旋藻在废水中生长积累的蛋白质含量最高可达49．71％,明显高于在Zarrouk培养基中的螺旋藻蛋白含量（38．57％）。研究结果表明,螺旋藻及菌-藻共生系统对啤酒废水有较好的净化作用,所得螺旋藻生物质可用于加工饲料、饵料、色素的提取等。     

Protective effect of Spirulina platensis against aluminium-induced nephrotoxicity and DNA damage in rats

The protective effect of Spirulina platensis (SP) powder against aluminium-induced nephrotoxicity and DNA damage in rats was studied. Male rats receiving daily 40 mg/kg b.wt. aluminium chloride (AlCl₃) orally had increased serum levels of urea and creatinine, up regulated kidney injury molecule-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 genes, down regulated catalase and glutathione peroxidase genes, and increased all parameters of kidney DNA damage using comet assay. Treatment with SP alleviated all AlCl₃-induced effects of toxicity, especially when the animals were pre-treated.     

高强度Te(IV)胁迫对极大螺旋藻生理生化性质的影响

对极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maxima)在接种后第3～5 d分3次添加Na2TeO3,4个Te胁迫组的累计加Te量分别为650、750、850和950 mg/L.结果表明:4个Te胁迫组螺旋藻的最终生物量、水溶性蛋白、藻蓝蛋白和别藻蓝蛋白的含量均低于对照组,且随Te胁迫强度增加而逐渐减少;而SOD的比活力均高于对照组,但随Te胁迫强度增加也呈逐渐减少趋势;Te(IV)胁迫没有改变螺旋藻中脂溶性色素的组成,但各色素的含量也随Te胁迫强度增加而下降;胞外多糖含量随Te胁迫强度增加而增加,但950 mg/L实验组(第9 dxTe(IV)为2.21),胞外多糖的含量反而下降.     

啤酒酵母菌,盐泽螺旋藻对重金属离子的吸附研究

研究了经一定步骤处理过的啤酒酵母菌的盐泽螺旋藻对Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋的吸附行为。结果表明：啤酒酵母力和盐泽螺旋藻对３种重金属离子都有显著吸附，其中盐泽螺旋藻的吸附强度和最大吸附量均明显大于啤酒酵母菌，且对Ｃｄ＾２＋的吸附能力更为突出，其最大吸附量达每克干生物体３１２ｍｇ。     

硒胁迫螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)集落形成及富硒稳定性

探讨在琼脂糖半固体培养基中硒胁迫螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis,SP)集落形成及其富硒稳定性.培养基中添加亚硒酸钠,硒含量分别为2.5mmolL-1、5mmolL-1和10mmolL-1,培养并观察螺旋藻集落形成,挑取藻集落进行富硒培养,多次转种后,测定生长率、硒含量,筛选稳定的富硒螺旋藻.从含硒5mmolL-1的培养皿中挑选12个典型藻丝集落接种培养,发现其中6个生长率达到对照的80%,有两个藻集落(编号为SP0803和SP0809)硒含量较高,干藻硒含量分别为ρ(Se)=924μg/g和ρ(Se)=831μg/g,连续3次转种培养,藻体含硒量保持稳定.以上结果表明,利用琼脂糖半固体培养基进行微藻集落培养是可行的,并成功筛选到富硒螺旋藻.图3表2参12     

Arsenic methylation by an arsenite S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase from Spirulina platensis

Arsenic-contaminated water is a serious hazard for human health. Plankton plays a critical role in the fate and toxicity of arsenic in water by accumulation and biotransformation.Spirulina platensis(S. platensis), a typical plankton, is often used as a supplement or feed for pharmacy and aquiculture, and may introduce arsenic into the food chain, resulting in a risk to human health. However, there are few studies about how S. platensis biotransforms arsenic. In this study, we investigated arsenic biotransformation by S. platensis. When exposed to arsenite(As(Ⅲ)), S. platensis accumulated arsenic up to 4.1 mg/kg dry weight.After exposure to As(Ⅲ), arsenate(As(Ⅴ)) was the predominant species making up 64% to86% of the total arsenic. Monomethylarsenate(MMA(Ⅴ)) and dimethylarsenate(DMA(Ⅴ))were also detected. An arsenite S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase from S. platensis(Sp Ars M) was identified and characterized. Sp Ars M showed low identity with other reported Ars M enzymes. The Escherichia coli AW3110 bearing Spars M gene resulted in As(Ⅲ) methylation and conferring resistance to As(Ⅲ). The in vitro assay showed that Sp Ars M exhibited As(Ⅲ) methylation activity. DMA(Ⅴ) and a small amount of MMA(Ⅴ) were detected in the reaction system within 0.5 hr. A truncated Sp Ars M derivative lacking the last 34 residues still had the ability to methylate As(Ⅲ). The three single mutants of Sp Ars M(C59S, C186 S, and C238S) abolished the capability of As(Ⅲ) methylation, suggesting the three cysteine residues are involved in catalysis. We propose that Sp Ars M is responsible for As methylation and detoxification of As(Ⅲ) and may contribute to As biogeochemistry.     

Embarking on the Second Green Revolution for Sustainable Agriculture in India: A Judicious Mix of Traditional Wisdom and Modern Knowledge in Ecological Farming

The Green Revolution in India which was heralded in the 1960‘s was a mixed blessing. Ambitious use of agro-chemicals boosted food production but also destroyed the agricultural ecosystem. Of late Indian farmers and agricultural scientists have realized this and are anxious to find alternatives – perhaps a non-chemical agriculture – and have even revived their age-old traditional techniques of natural farming. Scientists are working to find economically cheaper and ecologically safer alternatives to agro-chemicals. Blue-Green Algae Biofertilizers, Earthworm Vermicomposts (Vermiculture), biological control of pests and herbal biopesticides are showing promise. Saline agriculture and sewage farming are also being promoted in India to augment food production in the face of water scarcity. There is a move to search for alternative foods, which are more nutritious, cheaper and have shorter harvest cycles. Farm and food policy in India has to change its outlook before there can be a second green revolution. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

钝顶螺旋藻处理氨氮废水的研究

螺旋藻是一种营养丰富的新型保健食品，利用含氮废水为培养基，研究螺旋藻以NH4－N的处理效率，着重探讨利用生活污水培养螺旋藻的可行性，及其对生活污水的处理效果。研究证明，在NH4－N浓度小于40.0mg/L时，其对NH4－N的去除率最大，可达93％左右。在体积百分比生活污水为80％时，添加NaHCO38mg/L，对NH4－N的去除率达91.8%。同时对螺旋藻化学组分及含铁、锌、锰、铜、硒进行分析，生活污水培养螺旋藻，其所含有机物和氮源，可供螺旋藻生长繁殖，使废水资源化，并减少环境污染；藻粉可作为饲料添加剂，是使废水变为蛋白源的有效途径。