异龙湖湖周鱼塘排水污染物排放总量研究

在进行现场调查的基础上,对异龙湖湖周的鱼塘排水水量进行估算,并在鱼塘排水前采集鱼塘水样进行监测分析,确定异龙湖湖周鱼塘的主要污染物浓度,计算异龙湖湖周鱼塘排水污染物排放总量。     

高效藻类塘与水生植物塘联用深度净化受污染河水研究

采用高效藻类塘与水生植物塘联用工艺对劣Ⅴ类河水进行深度净化,通过对出水中CODCr,NH4+-N,TP和DO等指标的分析测定,研究了其对沈阳某河流水体的净化效果。结果表明,在HRT为4 d,水深0.5 m,进水CODCr为70~100 mg/L,DO,NH4+-N,TN和TP浓度分别为0.89~1.65,1.6~2.9,2.3~4.5和0.6~1.2 mg/L的条件下,联用工艺出水CODCr为35.40 mg/L,DO,NH4+-N,PO43--P,TN和TP浓度分别为5.88,0.66,0.17,1.51和0.16mg/L,水体中各项指标均达到GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》中规定的Ⅴ类标准。水生植物塘对藻类塘出水中的藻类有很好的去除效果,平均去除率为94.5%。联用工艺对CODCr,NH4+-N和PO43--P的去除效果均表现为一级藻类塘>二级藻类塘>水生植物塘,其中藻类塘起主要作用。     

环渤海地区海冰水资源农业利用研究

环渤海地区盐碱滩涂地面积广阔,淡水资源紧缺现状制约着该地区土地资源开发和农业利用。新型海冰水资源的开发和利用有望打开这种尴尬局面。实验结果表明:海冰水灌溉下台田土壤耕作层平均盐分含量为2.45 g/kg,可以保障土壤耕层安全;3 g/L海冰水灌溉与无灌溉处理相比,油葵增产31.3%、甜高粱总糖量增产21.2%、紫花苜蓿增产27.0%。可见以海冰水为水源的"台田-浅池"综合利用模式对环渤海地区改良和利用盐碱地具有重要的参考价值。     

复合人工湿地-池塘养殖生态系统细菌多样性研究

于2009年8至10月对比调查研究了由人工湿地-池塘养殖复合构成的池塘循环水养殖系统和传统池塘养殖系统中水体理化和生物特征,并利用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE)分析了两系统中的细菌多样性。研究结果表明:试验期间各池塘水温和溶氧随月份呈下降趋势,对照塘NH4+-N和TP显著高于循环塘(P＜0.05),而循环塘间无显著差...     

围垦养殖与退塘还湿对闽江河口湿地土壤铁碳结合特征的影响

为探究围垦养殖与退塘还湿对河口湿地土壤铁-碳结合特征的影响,本研究选择福建省闽江河口天然湿地、养殖塘以及退塘还湿样地为研究对象,对3个类型中的土壤铁结合态有机碳（Fe-OC）及其相关指标进行测定与分析.结果显示：①湿地围垦养殖显著影响土壤Fe-OC含量,其含量在退塘还湿后有所回升;②土壤氧化还原过程显著影响土壤中铁相的转化,湿地围垦后土壤中无定形态铁（Fe_o）与络合态铁（Fe_p）含量显著下降（p<0.05）,而退塘还湿后土壤中游离态铁（Fe_d）含量显著下降（p<0.05）;③养殖塘复湿初期,土壤总有机碳（SOC）含量低于养殖塘,且3样地中土壤Fe-OC均主要以吸附途径结合,其在土壤总有机碳中的占比为4.25%~7.85%;④土壤Fe-OC含量与土壤SOC、Fe_p、氧化铁的络合度呈显著正相关（p<0.01）,与土壤Fe_o含量呈显著正相关（p<0.05）,土壤容重和pH是影响土壤Fe-OC含量的重要环境因素.湿地围垦养殖与退塘还湿能够显著影响土壤Fe-OC含量,相比天然湿地,土壤Fe-OC含量在围垦后持续下降,在复湿过程中有所回升.结果表明退塘还湿对增加湿地碳汇功能具有积极意义.     

Nitrogen Removal by Stormwater Management Structures: A Data Synthesis

A comprehensive synthesis of data from empirically based published studies and a widely used stormwater best management practice (BMP) database were used to assess the variability in nitrogen (N) removal performance of urban stormwater ponds, wetlands, and swales and to identify factors that may explain this variability. While the data suggest that BMPs were generally effective on average, removal efficiencies of ammonium (NH₄), nitrate (NO₃), and total nitrogen (TN) were highly variable ranging from negative (i.e., BMPs acting as sources of N) to 100%. For example, removal of NO₃ varied from (median ±1 SD) ?15 ± 49% for dry ponds, 32 ± 120% for wet ponds, 58 ± 210% for wetlands, and 37 ± 29% for swales. Across the same BMP types, TN removal was 27 ± 24%, 40 ± 31%, 61 ± 30%, and 50 ± 29%. NH₄ removal was 9 ± 36%, 29 ± 72%, 31 ± 24%, and 45 ± 34%. BMP size, age, and location explained some of the variability. For example, small and shallow ponds and wetlands were more effective than larger, deeper ones in removing N. Despite well‐known intra‐annual variation in N fluxes, most measurements have been made over short time periods using concentrations, not flow‐weighted N fluxes. Urban N export is increasing in some areas as large storms become more frequent. Thus, accounting for the full range of BMP performance under such conditions is crucial. A select number of long‐term flux‐based BMP studies that rigorously measure rainfall, hydrology, and site conditions could improve BMP implementation.     

氧化塘-浮石床湿地系统处理城市污染河水

以氧化塘-浮石床湿地复合系统为研究对象,探讨了该系统在旱期与雨期工况下分别处理城市旱期低污染河水与雨期重污染河水的运行状况,结果表明:该复合系统可有效处理旱期低污染河水和雨期重污染河水。系统在旱期工况(塘与湿地的水力负荷分别为0.22,0.37 m/d)与雨期工况下分别处理低污染河水和重污染河水的出水中SS、COD、TP、TN与NH4+-N均达GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准。     

淹没式生物膜-稳定塘组合技术处理农村生活污水研究

以淹没式生物膜-稳定塘组合技术处理农村生活污水,系统取消了二沉池、污泥回流。运行结果表明:系统对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为84.33%、97.02%、80.18%和77.34%,出水平均浓度分别为14.88,1.06,9.92,0.53 mg/L。淹没式生物膜系统出水污泥浓度为零,稳定塘出水水质良好,可满足中水回用。     

Diel and seasonal methane flux across water–air interface of a subtropic eutrophic pond

Abstract

Methane, which is an important greenhouse gas, has received less attention regarding its flux in ponds. Small ponds, whose area only occupies approximately 8.6%, comprise the bulk of CH₄ efflux from lakes and ponds on a global scale. However, temporal and spatial variability, as well as consequences of CH4 fluxes from ponds, remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine using 4 field experiments diel methane (CH₄) fluxes from a subtropic eutrophic pond in different seasons. For the eutrophic pond, the mean CH₄ efflux for all seasons was 1.772?mg/m²/h, and CH₄ emissions in summer were approximately three-fold higher than total of winter, spring, and autumn. Methane diffusive emissions were positively correlated with water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and air temperature but negatively related to pH and to the difference between water temperature and air temperature. The diel diffusive CH₄ flux among different seasons varied significantly. The CH₄ bubble flux did not differ markedly in winter, spring and autumn, but the quantity in summer was significantly different from all other seasons. Bubble is the main pathway for CH₄ emissions. The CH₄ ebullition flux accounts for 66, 71, 97 and 98% of the total in winter, spring, summer and autumn, respectively. On an annual scale, the CH₄ ebullition flux accounts for 77% of the total fluxes (diffusive?+?ebullitive). Our results show that further investigations need to be carried out to probe temporal variability of CH₄ fluxes in ponds located in different climate zones for better understanding of the global carbon budget, which is critical to predict future climate changes.     

生物塘处理富营养化巢湖水中试

利用生物塘对富营养化巢湖水进行中试,结果表明:浮萍、黑藻、狐尾藻和芦苇对总氮、总磷均有较好处理效果,其中黑藻对总氮、总磷的处理效果最好,芦苇对叶绿素的处理效果最好。7月份是生物塘处理污染物的最佳时期,4种水生生物的综合生物塘对总氮、总磷和叶绿素的最高去除率分别为92.0%、89.2%、97.8%。