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991.
渗流场对地铁隧道沉降与受力影响的流固耦合分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
地下水问题是富水地层地下结构设计与施工中普遍存在的问题。为探讨地下水流动对软岩地铁隧道的稳定性及衬砌支护受力的影响,根据流固耦合理论,采用三维快速拉格朗日有限差分方法,在不同地下水位及排水边界条件下,对开挖后洞室周边场地位移、应力场、孔隙水压力的分布情况进行了综合分析。结果显示,由渗流引起的渗透力一定程度上会增加隧道周边场地变形及衬砌应力。从围岩-支护结构共同作用的原理出发,验证了隧道开挖与支护结构设计时需要考虑渗流效应,反映了地下水确实对隧道稳定性有着重要影响。 相似文献
992.
To better understand the impacts posed by soil contamination to aquatic ecosystems it is crucial to characterise the links between ecotoxicity, chemical availability and geochemical reactivity of potentially toxic elements (PTE’s) in soils. We evaluated the adverse effects of water extracts obtained from soils contaminated by chemical industry and mining, using a test battery including organisms from different trophic levels (bacteria, algae and daphnids). These tests provided a quick assessment of the ecotoxicity of soils with respect to possible adverse effects on aquatic organisms although the ecotoxicological responses could be related to the solubility of PTE’s only to a limited extent.The analysis of results of bioassays together with the chemical characterisation of water extracts provided additional relevant insight into the role of conductivity, pH, Al, Fe, and Mn of soil extracts on toxicity to organisms. Furthermore, an important conclusion of this study was that the toxicity of extracts to the aquatic organisms could also be related to the soil properties (pH, Org C and Feox) and to the reactivity of PTE’s in soils which in fact control the soluble fraction of the contaminants.The combined assessment of ecotoxicity in water fractions, solubility and geochemical reactivity of PTE’s in soils provided a more comprehensive understanding of the bioavailability of inorganic contaminants than ecotoxicological or chemical studies alone and can therefore be most useful for environmental risks assessment of contaminated soils. 相似文献
993.
湘江长沙段饮用水水源保护区持久性有机污染物调查及防治对策 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用Waters-C18固相萃取柱预处理水样,建立了7种痕量持久性有机污染物的固相萃取-气相色谱-电子捕获(SPE-GC-ECD)分析测试方法。方法的回收率均在82.0%~105.4%的范围内,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5.5%。采用该方法对湘江长沙段饮用水水源保护区5个监测断面的水样进行分析和调查。研究发现,除饮用水水源保护区下游断面六氯苯和o’,p’-DDT未检出外;其它断面所测的POPs均有检出,且浓度在0.27~2.27 ng/L范围内。针对POPs的污染现状,提出了相应的防治对策。 相似文献
994.
Occurrence of arsenic in brown rice and its relationship to soil properties from Hainan Island, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Fu Y Chen M Bi X He Y Ren L Xiang W Qiao S Yan S Li Z Ma Z 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(7):1757-1762
The acquaintance of arsenic concentrations in rice grain is vital in risk assessment. In this study, we determined the concentration of arsenic in 282 brown rice grains sampled from Hainan Island, China, and discussed its possible relationships to the considered soil properties. Arsenic concentrations in the rice grain from Hainan Island varied from 5 to 309 μg/kg, with a mean (92 μg/kg) lower than most published data from other countries/regions and the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for Asi in rice. The result of correlation analysis between grain and soil properties showed that grain As concentrations correlated significantly to soil arsenic speciation, organic matter and soil P contents and could be best predicted by humic acid bound and Fe-Mn oxides bound As fractions. Grain arsenic rises steeply at soil As concentrations lower than 3.6 mg/kg and gently at higher concentrations. 相似文献
995.
钻井污水化学需氧量的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对石油工业钻井污水高化学需氧量(COD)严重超标的状况,对钻井污水的化学需氧量进行研究。分折测定了8种钻井液添加剂(PAN、PAMI、HPAN、柴油、磺化沥青、XY27、CMC、FA367)的COD;重点探讨了钻井液添加剂对钻井污水COD的影响,同时对钻井污水COD处理效果的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明,不同钻井液添加剂对钻井污水的COD的影响程度各不相同;钻井污水中COD值严重超标的主要因素是钻井液添加剂;并且钻井液添加剂浓度与其对应的COD之间存在良好的一元线性关系。根据一元线性回归方程可较好地预测油田现场各钻井液添加剂对COD的影响,为解决钻井污水处理这一难题提供科学依据。 相似文献
996.
997.
Alexa N. Seal James E. Pratley Terry J. Haig Min An Hanwen Wu 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2010,135(1-2):52-57
Herbicide resistance in annual ryegrass (ARG, Lolium rigidum) threatens the quality and yield of winter wheat crops in Australia, prompting research to discover novel natural plant compounds with herbicidal properties. Due to its novel nature and potentially interesting chemistry, the Australian native, Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis), was tested for its ability to suppress ARG growth and its feasibility for use in weed control strategies. The leaf extract of Wollemi pine significantly inhibited the growth of ARG and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) in laboratory bioassays at concentrations above 1% extract. In soil trials, the 100% extract (100 g dried plant material/L) inhibited the dry weight of ARG by 25%. The addition of a wetting agent to the extract increased the suppression of ARG to 80% which was as phytotoxic as a 4-fold increase in the extract concentration (“400%” extract). Using bioassay-guided fractionation, the most phytotoxic fraction was identified and further analysed via GC/MS. Several compounds not previously identified in Wollemi pine leaf extracts have been identified, namely, 2-propylphenol, 3,4-dimethoxyphenol, 2-methoxybenzoic acid, vanillyl alcohol and isovanillic acid. These results suggest that Wollemi pine is an important potential source of compounds for the control of ARG and wild radish in winter crops. 相似文献
998.
染料厂、农药厂、制药厂等工业都会产生含有高浓度苯胺的废水,处理苯胺废水的方法较多,本文通过实验的方式着重研究了膜萃取法处理高浓度苯胺废水,并通过分析实验结果得出了相应结论。 相似文献
999.
Fernando Goi Raul Lpez Arsenio Etxeandia Esmeralda Milln Asuncin Vives Pilar Amiano 《Chemosphere》2009,76(11):1533-1539
A gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) clean-up based method was developed for determination of selected organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human serum. The method permits automation of the sample extract clean-up stage and is designed to work with small amounts of sample. Different working variables were studied in its development, including injection volume, flow rate, and fat amount as the most representative coextract. The method provides solvent and time savings. Initial extraction was performed using 96-well solid-phase disk extraction plates, and quantification was performed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection and mass spectrometry. Recoveries of PCB congeners 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180 and organochlorine pesticides HCB, β-HCH, γ-HCH, heptachlor epoxide, p,p′-DDE, and p,p′-DDT at two spiking levels ranged from 55% to 115% with relative standard deviations ranging from 2.0% to 14.6%. Limits of quantification ranged from 0.06 to 0.16 ng mL−1 for PCBs and from 0.12 to 0.36 ng mL−1 for organochlorine pesticides. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of 38 serum samples and the results were compared with those of another procedure validated at the laboratory. 相似文献
1000.
在实际生产过程中,有很多情况能使气体燃料与空气混合,达到可燃浓度,此时若有点火源存在,就可能酿成燃烧、爆炸灾害,造成严重的财产损失和人员伤亡.选取甲烷作为研究对象,选用空气作为氧化性气体,对其进行数值模拟.获得了不同时刻爆燃的压力场、温度场、密度场的变化数据,为工程上防爆、抑爆、泄爆提供了理论基础和数据. 相似文献