Paper electrophoretic separations of some common pesticides : Determination of monocrotophos,rogor and malathion in soil samples

Abstract

Paper electrophoretic movements of a number of pesticides belonging to organophosphorus, organochlorine and pyethroid groups in various acid background electrolytes have been studied. The effect of pH and pKa of the acids on the movement of these pesticides have also been studied. It has been observed that the movement of most of the pesticides is enhanced with increase in the degree of ionisation of the acids (pKa) studied as background electrolytes. The movement also increases with increase in the pH of acids. On the basis of differential movement of pesticides towards cathode and anode, a number of separations have been achieved from binary mixtures. Monocrotophos, rogor and malathion have been determined quantitatively (28.6 ‐ 29.2 μg) in alcoholic extracts of soil samples.     

Determination of 1‐octanol/water partition coefficients of isocyanate compounds by an HPLC method

The octanol/water partition coefficients (P _ow) of six monoisocyanate and five diisocyanate compounds were determined by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) methods. Two HPLC peaks, a broad tailed peak followed by a sharp one, were observed with all compounds. The later peak was identified as the isocyanate compound. The P _ow value for each isocyanate compound was determined by fitting the capacity factor of the peak to the regression equation drawn from those of reference compounds. The hydrophobic substituent constants for the isocyanate group were calculated with each of the compounds. The value of this constant was strongly dependent on the type of carbon bound to the isocyanate group and the average values for the aromatic and aliphatic isocyanate groups were 0.35 and — 0.52, respectively. Because of the reactivity of those compounds in the aquatic environment, the P _ow has little relevance to calculation of their environmental fate and ecotoxicity.     

Optimal site selection for fluting paper mill from agricultural wastes in Golestan Province,Iran

Today, the issue of site selection for industrial units in developing countries which are poor in wood resources is considered as a vital matter and it is one of the key measures in the process of building industrial and giving service units. In every country there are some provinces and states which are more useful than other parts owing to primary infrastructures and facilities for industrialisation. As one of the suitable provinces of Iran, thanks to its lignocelluloses resources with 1,822,696 tons of exploitable waste, Golestan Province has a very good potential for building lignocelluloses products mills, such as fluting paper. For this end, in 2010, effective indices in fluting paper mill establishment were recognised in Golestan Province. Results showed that materials and products were the most important main indices and the preparation cost of raw materials was the most important sub-index. Finally, questionnaires were prepared for the best site selection and choices were evaluated according to the structure of interests and costs. The results of calculations performed through analytical hierarchy processes and in Expert Choice Software indicated that Gonbad City had the highest interest/cost ratio, and therefore, it is the best place for the establishment of floating paper mills from agricultural wastes in Golestan Province.     

《自然资源学报》1986—2015年零被引论文分析

为达到减少零被引论文发表数量、提高期刊质量与影响力的目的,在中国知网中检索了《自然资源学报》1986—2015年发表的论文作为研究的源数据,从刊文量及零被引率的变化、下载频次分布、作者情况、基金资助情况、所属学科领域等5个方面对零被引论文进行了详细的分析。研究结果表明：1）从季刊到双月刊和月刊,刊文量增加了,但零被引论文比例却没有随刊文量的增加而增加;2）零被引论文虽暂未被引用,但仍然存在一定程度的下载量,将来有可能被引,但也是低被引论文;3）作者分布方面,学生占比较大,因博士研究生是发文主流导致零被引论文中博士研究生人数多于硕士研究生,初、中级职称多于副高级、高级职称,由于高等院校和研究院所是投稿主力,因发文基数大导致零被引论文中高等院校和研究院所多于地方机构,作者群人数以1人为主,机构数量以1个为主;4）论文被引与否和基金资助数量和类别相关性不大;5）零被引论文学科分布以土壤学、地学、气象学和环境生物学为主。最后提出相应对策,建议通过“作者-审稿专家-编辑协同控制”过程,减少科技期刊零被引论文的产生,从而提高科技期刊的学术水平和影响力。     

Morpho-histological and enzymatic alterations in earthworms Drawida willsi and Lampito mauritii exposed to urea,phosphogypsum and paper mill sludge

The effects of varying concentrations of urea, phosphogypsum and paper mill sludge (PMS) on the morphology, histology, tissue protein content, lipid peroxidation (LPX), activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and catalase in earthworms Drawida willsi and Lampito mauritii have been studied over an exposure period of 24?hr. Integumentary lesions, clitellar swelling and loss of pigmentations were found to be major morpho-pathological changes in the worms. Histology indicated cuticular damage, ruptured epithelium and muscle fibres with accumulation of cellular debris. Lowest tissue protein content (57.02?±?4.02?mg/g tissue) and highest LPX (0.113?±?0.04, 0.137?±?0.08?nmol/mg protein) were noticed in D. willsi at a high concentration of PMS, whereas highest tissue protein content was observed in L. mauritii (115.32?±?7.18?mg/g tissue) with the same treatment. In both the species, LDH activity was minimum at a high concentration of urea (0.172?±?0.02; 0.247?±?0.08?U/mg protein). AChE activity was highest (0.099?±?0.002?U/mg protein) at a high concentration of PMS in D. willsi, whereas catalase activity was the maximum (0.338?±?0.02?U/mg protein) at high concentrations of PMS in L. mauritii. The study indicated that morpho-histological and enzymatic alterations in these earthworms exposed to agrochemicals could be useful biomarkers to evaluate soil toxicity.     

日本关于制浆造纸厂排水的生物影响研究现状

日本自１９９４年以来的近６年中，对全国近２０个制浆造纸厂排水进行了生物影响实验研究，研究内容主要是排水对生物急性毒性实验、亚急性毒性实验、慢性毒性实验与二恶英分析、采用食物链上不同等级的三类水生生物与发光菌等为实验生物、毒性指标主要有ＬＣ５０、ＩＣ２０、ＩＣ５０、ＥＣ１０、ＥＣ３０、ＬＯＥＣ、ＮＯＥＣ等，排水的ＣＯＤ／ＢＯＤ比值也与生物毒性具相关性。     

物化-生化组合工艺处理造纸化学品废水的中试研究

针对造纸化学品生产废水具有成分复杂,可生化性差,有机物、NH3-N、Cl-浓度高的特点,采用"初沉池-悬浮生物滤池(A/O)-混凝沉淀池-催化氧化池-硝化滤池"组合工艺对造纸化学品生产废水进行了中试研究,取得很好的处理效果。结果表明,在进水COD为4 832～12 846 mg/L,NH3-N为39～430 mg/L,Cl-为3 200～15 000 mg/L的情况下,处理后出水COD小于500 mg/L,NH3-N小于35 mg/L,主要指标达到污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)三级标准。     

制浆厂污泥制备活性炭吸附剂

以制浆厂污泥为原料,采用ZnCl2法、H2SO4法和KOH法3种化学活化法制备活性炭吸附剂,并对产物吸附苯酚性能的影响因素进行比较分析.结果表明,采用ZnCl2法和H2SO4法制备的活性炭吸附剂的效果明显优于KOH法,ZnCl2法为最佳制备方法,在其最佳制备条件下(ZnCl2浓度3 mol/L,活化温度800℃,活化时间30 min,升温速率20℃/min)制得的活性炭比表面积可达到500.98 m2/g,得率为46.9％,对苯酚的去除率为70.4％.采用ZnCl2法和H2SO4法在最佳制备条件下可以制备孔径分布较宽,中孔结构发达的活性炭.     

Implicit beliefs about self and nature: Evidence from an IAT game

Recent psychological research has examined the beliefs that individuals hold about their relationship with the natural world. This article builds on the previous literature on connectedness with nature and we introduce a new game version of the Implicit Association Test (IAT), known as FlexiTwins. The game is intended to facilitate research using the IAT and provides a flexible platform for measuring implicit associations. In this paper, we report three studies in which we use the game to measure self-nature associations. Study 1 reports the development and validation of FlexiTwins with a college sample. Study 2 further validates the game using a known-groups sample of environmental activists. Finally, Study 3 examines the implicit connectedness of a sample of 30 grade school children. Across all three studies, we find good evidence for reliability, as well as theoretically meaningful results.     

MnO2/CFP复合电极的制备及电吸附Pb2+特性的研究

电极材料的形貌结构与电化学性能等将直接影响着电吸附效果.本研究将二氧化锰(Mn O2)通过电沉积的方法负载于碳纤维纸(CFP)材料上,制备获得了Mn O2/CFP复合电极.所制得的Mn O2/CFP复合电极电化学性质稳定、电容量高,复合电极的单位质量比电容量可高达360 F·g-1.用此电极对初始浓度为6 mg·L-1左右的Pb2+溶液进行电吸附,考察了电沉积时间、电压、p H值等因素对复合电极电吸附效果的影响.结果表明,沉积时间为500 s、电压值为1.0 V、p H值为5.0的条件下可获得最佳的电吸附效果,电吸附3 h后原溶液中残留Pb2+达到0.01 mg·L-1以下,去除效率高达99%以上.本研究为水中重金属离子的去除提供了新的技术选择.