Modelling of Materials Policies

This paper discusses the REAP1 model and its application for the analysis of CO₂ reduction and waste management policies for Japanese petrochemicals. The pros and cons of this modelling approach in comparison to other tools is elaborated. This is followed by a discussion of the model code and the modelling results. The results show that CO₂ policies can have significant impacts on waste flows and waste policies can have significant CO₂ benefits. As a consequence both effects must be considered in policy assessment. Pricing instruments are recommended instead of regulations because of the complex physical relations in the materials life cycle that extend beyond sector boundaries. A taxation approach is superior to a subsidy approach because rebound effects can be avoided.     

Preliminary air pollution monitoring in San Miguel, Buenos Aires

Passive diffusion samplers were employed in San Miguel(Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area) for a preliminary airpollution monitoring. The highest loads were observedin downtown, compared with an urban background site.Total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) varied from0.257 to 0.033 mg cm^-2 month^-1; dust was examinedfor particle nature and size distribution. A similartrend was observed for nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) andTSPM spatial distribution, suggesting that traffic isthe major pollution source. Sulphur dioxide (SO₂)values were low and rather homogeneous. Levels for theinvestigated pollutants are below EPA's guide linevalues. Geographic (flat area, near to Rio de LaPlata) and climatologic factors (rainfalls andvariable wind directions) contribute to disperse pollutants.     

采样系统中金属氧化物对SO2测定值影响分析

通过实验与实际工程相结合，定量描述了大气采样系统中金属氧化物的存在对ＳＯ２测定值的影响，并阐述了其反应机理，提出了相应措施。     

两种培养基对饮水机出水中细菌总数的测定效果比较

采用营养琼脂培养基和R2A Agar培养基对上海某高校及其附属小学公用饮水机出水细菌总数变化规律进行了测试分析比较。结果表明,在洁净饮用水受微生物微污染情况下,R2A Agar培养基更适合这种贫营养环境中的微生物的培养,比营养琼脂培养基具有更好的灵敏度。     

Modeling photocatalytic destruction of the organic contaminants in continuous stir flow reactor

Thin-film technique is becoming an industry standard for the preparation of TiO₂-based photocatalyst for organic destruction. The catalyst provides several advantages over the conventional powder TiO₂ in the treatment of wastewater and groundwater. In this study, a continuous stir flow reactor model is developed capable of describing the photocatalytic process. The model incorporates the following fundamental mechanisms: adsorption, diffusion, liquid-film transfer, UV attenuation, and photocatalytic reaction. All of the simulation results indicate that there exists a highly nonlinear relation between each of these parameters and the destruction rate. Various incident light intensities also are incorporated to simulate the energy efficiency. The simulations illustrate that the photocatalytic model can be used to elucidate the effect of process variables. It is also possible to “custom-design” a catalyst for the treatment of a particular waste stream.     

固相萃取-气质联机测定水中嗅味物质2-甲基异茨醇和土霉素

分别利用固相萃取剂XAD-2树脂和C18SEP柱富集,二氯甲烷洗脱,固相萃取装置浓缩,通过气质联机(GC/MS)测定了水中土霉化合物MIB和Geosmin。该方法重现性好,相对标准偏差5.4%~7.0%,回收率80%~92%,MIB和Geosmin检出限分别为5ng/L和2ng/L。两种固相萃取剂对MIB和Geosmin吸附效率相当,吸附效率不受嗅味物质浓度影响,但当水溶液中其它有机质增多时,C18SPE的回收率明显下降。利用该方法对不同培养时间的放线菌代谢产物进行了测定,培养25天后代谢产物MIB和Geosmin的浓度达到200ng/L和130ng/L。     

塔里木油田环境空气质量状况及评价

根据塔里木油田１９９３－１９９６年环境空气监测数据，对其环境空气质量状况进行了分析和评价。     

大气SO2与硫酸盐化速率相关斜率的探讨

利用ＳＯ２和硫酸盐化速率相关斜率，推算了有实际意义的总物质移动系数值，并确定了其允许范围，这为各地今后更地建立了硫酸盐化速率和大气ＳＯ２相关性提供技术依据。     

唐山市空气中SO2与TSP污染状况分析

分析了唐山市从1988年至1992年大气中SO2和TSP的污染状况和变化规律，取得对该市环境管理的科学依据。     

萃取-催化氧化光度法测定生物体中H2O2含量研究

提出萃取-催化氧化光度法测定生物体中H2O2含量的新方法.用稀土催化H2O2产生羟基自由基以氧化二苯基碳酰二肼,生成红色二苯基碳酰腙,其最大吸收波长为563.0nm;当二苯基碳酰二肼浓度一定时,△A563与H2O2含量呈量效关系.在0～30μmol/L H2O2 含量范围内,该法能简单、快速、精确地测定生物样品中H2O2实际含量.