南京地区的酸雨趋势分析

介绍了南京地区酸雨的分布特征及发展趋势。自１９８９年以来，南京市浦口降水年均ＰＨ值有明显波动性下降。研究表明，局地污染对南京酸雨的影响较为明显。     

"九五"期间重庆市空气环境质量现状、变化趋势及对策

根据多年来重庆市空气环境质量监测资料，本文较全面，系统地对重庆市空气环境质量状况，变化趋势进行了分析研究，并提出了改善空气环境质量的对策建议。     

Observed Winter Warming of the Chesapeake Bay Estuary (1949–2002): Implications for Ecosystem Management

A large number of studies have documented 20th century climate variability and change at the global, hemispheric, and regional levels. However, understanding the implications of climate change for environmental management necessitates information at the level of the ecosystem. Historical monitoring data from the Chesapeake Bay estuary were used to identify temporal patterns of estuarine temperature anomalies in the surface (1 m) and subsurface (15 m) between 1949 and 2002. Data indicated a trend in surface and subsurface warming of +0.16°C and +0.21°C per decade, respectively, driven by warming during winter and spring. These trends suggest warming of the estuary since the mid-20th century of approximately 0.8–1.1°C. Estuarine temperatures correlated well with other independent data records for sea surface and surface air temperatures in the region and to a lesser extent, the northern hemisphere. Gross long-term temperature variability in the estuary was consistent with North Atlantic climate variability associated with the prolonged positive North Atlantic Oscillation/Arctic Oscillation and increased anthropogenic radiative forcing, although localized environmental drivers likely are important as well. A simple spatial analysis revealed strong seasonal latitudinal and longitudinal gradients in estuarine temperature as well as a north–south gradient in long-term temperature trends. Continued warming of the estuary will have important implications for ecosystem structure and function as well as attempts to manage existing challenges such as eutrophication and benthic hypoxia. However, such management efforts must be cognizant of the effects of various climate and nonclimate drivers of environmental variability and change operating over different spatial and temporal scales.Published online     

Sensitivity of Indices of Biotic Integrity to Simulated Fish Assemblage Changes

Multimetric indices of biotic integrity (IBIs) are commonly used to assess condition of stream fish assemblages, but their ability to monitor trends within streams over time is largely unknown. We assessed the trend detection ability of two IBI formulations (one with traditional scoring and metrics, and one with nontraditional scoring and region-specific metrics) and of similarity and diversity indices using simulations that progressively altered the fish assemblages of 39 streams in the United States mid-Atlantic Highlands region. We also assessed responses to simulated 50% variability in fish abundances, as a measure of background noise. Fish assemblage indices responded little to changes that affected all species proportionally despite substantial changes in total fish number. Assemblage indices responded better to scenarios that differentially affected fish species, either according to life history traits or by increasing dominance of already common species, but even these changes took some time to detect relative to background variability levels. Ordinations of stream fish assemblage data suggested that differences among sites were maintained even after substantial alterations of fish composition within sites. IBIs are designed to detect broad assemblage differences among sites while downplaying abundance changes and variability increases that were the first indications of within-site changes, and they appear more suited to detecting large departures from natural fish assemblages than for monitoring gradual changes such as those our simulations produced. Inferences about causes of assemblage changes should be made with caution because of correlations among species traits and interdependence among IBI component metrics. Site trend assessments should be made based on all available data rather than just by summary indices.     

机械安全技术趋向分析

为了促进我国机械安全科学的发展 ,从机械故障诊断、机械安全设计、机械安全法规及标准等方面 ,简要地介绍和评述了机械安全技术的发展及现状 ,指出了目前机械安全技术领域存在的主要问题 ,分析了其发展趋势。     

盐城市区饮用水源富营养化趋势研究

运用综合营养指数法对盐城市区饮用水源地水质的富营养化趋势进行了评价,针对饮用水污染状况提出了防治意见和建议。     

乌鲁木齐市大气环境质量变化趋势分析

以乌鲁木齐市2004～2010年间的大气环境质量监测数据为依据,采用空气污染综合指数法评价其大气环境质量,并运用Spearman秩相关系数预测其发展趋势.结果表明:乌鲁木齐市大气环境质量为轻度污染,主要污染物为SO2和PM10.NO2和PM10有上升趋势,SO2呈不显著下降趋势.     

桂西北肯福环境移民示范区园地土壤肥力变化状况

果树业作为肯福环境移民示范区的一项长期的云集产业，在示范区移民的生产、生活中起着不可缺少的作用。为了解示范区园类用地（主要是宜果类用地）开发利用对土壤肥力变化的影响，以便更好地指导移民进行合理的综合性开发，特对开垦前（1996年上半年，此时移民也开始迁入）和开垦后第三年（1998年下半年）示范区的园类用地土壤养分变化进行了调查研究，分析了耕层土样的8个土壤养分指标，结果表明：示范区园类用地土壤肥力整体上基本保持不变，但表现出微弱的下降趋势；其中的长绿果树地土壤肥力略有下降，而落叶果树地土壤肥力有极微的上升趋势；不同的土壤养分元素含量变化又有差异。     

我国废水处理设备的现状及发展趋势

本文在调查的基础上，阐述了我国水处理设备的现状及技术发展趋势．并提出在符合国情的条件下，为取得更大的环境及经济效益，应优先发展高效、低耗、技术先进的产品．     

厦门市放射性污染源现状调查分析

参照国家环保局颁发的《环境天然放射性水平调查规定》,在厦门市区开展了放射性污染源调查,对厦门市放射性污染源现状进行了分析和研究,对各类放射性污染源的环境影响作出评估,对放射性污染的发展趋势进行了预测,为厦门市放射性环境管理提供了重要的资料。