UV/H2O2氧化微囊藻毒素-LR的动力学模型

介绍了一种UV/H2O2光氧化体系降解微囊藻毒素MC-LR的动力学模型.根据UV光分解、H2O2和·OH氧化MC-LR的反应以及稳态近似法,导出了MC-LR降解的动力学方程.解释了体系中H2O2、HO-2、CO23-、HCO-3等对降解MC-LR动力学的影响.实验结果表明,在一定的光强和H2O2浓度情况下,由于反应产生的CO23-、HCO-3和HO-2等离子的影响,UV/H2O2光氧化MC-LR的过程只能近似用准一级动力学方程描述.     

UV/H2O2光化学氧化降解对氯苯酚废水的反应动力学

研究了UV/H₂O₂体系降解对氯苯酚废水的过程及动力学结果表明,反应降解速率与双氧水加入量、污染物初始浓度及载气种类有关.在双氧水理论投加量一半的情况下,通入氧气或空气,总酚的降解率可达到96%,COD_Cr去除率接近50%.反应体系加入载气,显著影响污染物的去除率.在本实验中,总酚降解为拟一级反应.     

UV254nm+185nm光照降解气态甲苯的实验研究

研究了波长为254nm+185nm紫外光照射下,甲苯初始浓度、停留时间、相对湿度、O2浓度等因素对甲苯光降解效率的影响.通过定量UV254nm+185nm光照下体系中O3的产生浓度变化,以及降解过程中中间产物苯和苯甲醛的变化趋势,讨论了甲苯在UV254nm+185nm照射下降解机理.结果表明,甲苯去除率随着O2含量、停留时间的增加而升高;随着初始浓度的增加而降低.与湿度的关系为先急剧升高然后缓慢增加,而后降低,最佳相对湿度在40%~50%.当甲苯初始浓度为16.1mg/m3,O2含量为20%,相对湿度为40%时,体系对甲苯的降解效率为82.2%,降解速率为0.44mg/(m3·s),产生的O3浓度为131.13mg/m3,中间产物苯和苯甲醛的浓度分别为0.086,0.135mg/m3.在反应体系中,甲苯可吸收185nm波长紫外光直接降解,但主要被体系中产生的自由基氧化降解.     

PFS-PDM复合混凝剂对微污染河水的强化混凝处理

用聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDM)制备了复合混凝剂—聚合硫酸铁-聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PFS-PDM),并对微污染的流溪河水源水进行了强化混凝处理,对比分析了复合混凝剂与PFS2种处理的混凝效果.结果表明,与单独用PFS相比,用复合混凝剂处理冬季微污染流溪河水源水时,其对浊度、UV254及藻类去除能力更强;当投加量为3mg/L(以Fe计)时,PFS-PDM复合混凝剂的去浊率、除藻率和UV254去除率,分别提高22.1%、19.5%、14.9%,表现出优良的强化混凝效果.     

Electrochemical degradation of Acid Red I dye and its treatment by UV light

Degradation of Acid Red I (ARI) dye by electrochemical treatment and UV light irradiation was studied in this work. The effect of the current density and the concentration of NaCl and dye on the decoloration and degradation efficiency were studied and optimized. The UV irradiation was monitored by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and chemical oxygen demand. The kinetic constants for decoloration and degradation were calculated. Degradation of 86% was achieved in 160?min and the first-order kinetic constant was 0.013?min^?1. Degradation products were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The mechanism for the degradation of ARI was proposed.     

Photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin in aqueous media: a short review

The frequent detection of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin in surface and drinking waters around the world has attracted concern from various researchers. Such presence is an indication that the decontamination of water polluted by antibiotics is beyond the conventional treatment methods. However, among the different treatment methods that have been developed in the area of water purification, heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductor as a mediator has been rated as an efficient and a green wastewater treatment method. This is because, the process is effective in degrading and mineralizing organic pollutants, using UV or visible light. The present review paper covers a brief survey over a range of publications in the last decade, involving photocatalytic materials that have been employed in the purification of water contaminated by ciprofloxacin.     

pH值对垃圾渗滤液中溶解有机物检测的影响及分析

在恒定温度下,研究了不同pH值时垃圾渗滤液中有机物检测结果的变化并分析了原因。实验得出:在pH=7.17时UV254值最低;在酸性条件下,UV254值随pH值增加而下降;在碱性条件下,UV254值随pH值的增加而增加;UV410值基本不随pH的变化而变化;溶解性有机物荧光强度在pH=3.95处和pH=12.06处都产生比较强的荧光值,而在pH=9处荧光强度最弱。建议在进行垃圾渗滤液中有机物检测时保证pH恒定。     

Estimation of Similarity in the Qualitative Composition of Humic Substance in Marine Sediments By Means of an Uv-Spectroscopic Library

In this paper a method for the study of the qualitative similarity of extractable humic substance (EHS) in marine sediments based on the realisation of UV spectral library of EHS is described. the spectral library was built including the digitised spectra of humic substance extracted from several marine sediments (46 samples) and two samples of standard materials (lignin sulphonate and humic substance) in a Statistica data file. the data matrix was elaborated by means of different multivariate statistic techniques such as Cluster Analysis (CA), Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and the univariate technique Spectral Correlation Analysis (SCA). This approach allows us to show the contribution of different organic compounds (aromatic, lipid and acid) to the composition of EHS and moreover it evidences also the structural characteristics of EHS in terms of similarities in the qualitative composition of samples such as presence of terrestrial and/or vegetal contributions. the UV library is an objective tool to study the qualitative composition of EHS and it represents a complementary approach to the most common methods based on the application of spectroscopic (IR, ¹³CNMR), potentiometric and chromatographic techniques.     

紫外辐射与生物膜同步耦合降解喹啉

紫外辐射光解与生物降解同步耦合的气升式内循环反应器用于喹啉的降解.实验过程中分别采用单独紫外光解、单独生物降解和紫外光解与生物降解同步耦合的方法对喹啉进行降解.结果表明,喹啉在紫外光解与生物降解同步耦合的作用下,其降解速率明显提高.喹啉降解动力学分析结果表明,喹啉的生物降解可以用有抑制性的Haldane模型描述.相比生物降解过程,单独紫外光解对喹啉的降解速率可以忽略,但将紫外辐射与生物降解耦合在一起后,可以提高喹啉的最大降解速率近1倍并减小抑制常数36%,同时还可以提高喹啉的矿化程度.     

Occupational Exposure to Natural UV Radiation and Premature Skin Ageing

The skin is the part of the human body most vulnerable to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The spectrum of the negative effects of UV radiation on the skin ranges from acute erythema to carcinogenesis. Between these extreme conditions, there are other common skin lesions, e.g.,photoageing. The aim of this study was to assess the skin for signs of photoageing in a group of 52 men occupationally exposed to natural UV radiation. There were 2 types of examinations: an examination of skin condition (moisture, elasticity, sebum, porosity, smoothness, discolourations and wrinkles) with a device for diagnosing the skin, and a dermatological examination. The results of both examinations revealed a higher percentage of skin characteristics typical for photoageing in outdoor workers compared to the general population.