膜与活性炭组合工艺处理天然水的研究进展

活性炭吸附作为膜分离技术处理天然水的预处理,可以有效去除水中膜本身难以去除的低分子溶解性有机物,减少三卤甲烷等物的生成,同时减轻膜的污染。阐述了活性炭和膜技术组合工艺处理天然水的研究进展。     

应用投加粉末活性炭的膜生物反应器处理生活污水的研究

应用向间歇曝气的膜生物反应器内投加粉末活性炭的新工艺，进行了处理模拟生活污水的研究，将此研究结果与未投加粉末活性炭时的研究结果相比较，表明该工艺不仅可以取得更优的出水水质，而且可以从根本上减少膜阻力，维持高膜通量。     

新型污水处理装置——膜生物反应器

新型污水处理装置──膜生物反应器张琳，张元月（太原工业大学环境工程系，太原０３００２４）１膜生物反应器及其分类何谓膜生物反应器？污水处理中的膜生物反应器是指将膜分离技术中的超微滤组件与污水生物处理工程中的生物反应器相互结合而成的新的开发系统，英文称Ｍ...     

超滤膜结构参数特性的分析研究

用电镜法和渗透率法对PVDF-300超滤膜表面的孔径分布、孔隙率以及膜孔密度等结构参数进行了测定.结果表明,用扫描电镜法和场发射扫描电镜法测定膜平均孔径及膜孔密度等结构参数是比较吻合的.从而可以根据膜结构参数在透水过程中的变化规律研究膜污染的机理,为以后建立以膜结构参数为参数的膜污染模型奠定了理论基础.     

用超滤法处理洗毛污水

本文就聚砜中空纤维超滤法处理洗毛污水进行了研究，首先考查了不同截留分子量的超滤膜对超滤性能的影响，发现截留分子量为３万的膜超滤性能较佳；然后考查了压力、温度、浓度及流速等操作参数对超滤性能的影响；污水经过超滤后，脂、总固体及ＣＯＤ去除率分别在９８％、８０％和９５％以上．     

Water technology for specific water usage

BACKGROUND: Water is the basis for life and culture. In addition to the availability of water its quality has become a major issue in industrialized areas and in developing countries as well. Water usage has to be seen as part of the hydrological cycle. As a consequence water management has to be sustainable. The aim of the contribution is to give water usage oriented quality criteria and to focus on the technical means to achieve them. MAIN FEATURES: Water is used for many purposes, ranging from drinking and irrigation to a broad variety of technical processes. Most applications need specific hygienic, chemical and/or physical properties. RESULTS: To meet these demands separation and reaction principles are applied. The reuse of water and the application of water treatment with little or no waste and by-product formation is the way to go. Membrane separation and advanced oxidation including catalytic reactions are promising methods that apply natural processes in sustainable technical performance. Thus elimination of specific water constituents (e.g. salts and metals, microorganisms) and waste water cleaning (e.g. pollutants, nutrients and organic water) can be done efficiently. OUTLOOK: Learning from nature and helping nature with appropriate technology is a convincing strategy for sustainable water management.     

膜生物反应器中膜分离单元运行参数优化试验

用生活杂排水对膜生物反应器中膜分离单元的运行参数进行了优化试验研究，膜分离单元采用中空纤维超滤膜，试验表明，在适宜的反冲洗和化学清洗条件下，膜的透水率可及时、有效地恢复，使膜生物反应器能长期稳定地运行。     

中空纤维膜器处理含铀(VI)废水的研究

在中空纤维膜器中研究了二（2－乙基己基）磷酸（HDEHP＿煤油膜萃取含铀（Ⅵ）废水。实验表明，HDEHP－煤油膜萃取铀（Ⅵ）的萃取率随萃取时间的增加而增加；当水相pH大于2时，水相酸度对速率影响较小，当水相pH小于2时，随着水相pH的提高，速率明显上升；提高水相流速可提高膜萃取率；当有机相HDEHP浓度小于0.01mol/L时，随着HDEHP浓度的提高萃取率上升，当大于0.01mol/L后，其浓度改变对萃取率影响不大。温度和有机相流速对膜萃取率影响较小。     

平片膜生物反应器中膜污染特性的实验研究

采用聚偏氟乙烯平片膜生物反应器 ,通过测定不同运行条件下的水通量研究其污染特性 ,重点考察了运行时间、操作压力、曝气状况对膜污染的影响。实际结果表明 ,在曝气量为 3m3 h、操作压力为 0 .0 2MPa条件下运行 6h后 ,膜水通量从2 4 0mL min·m2 降至 5 5mL min·m2 ,下降率超过 77%。     

Volatile organic chloramines formation during ClO2 treatment

Volatile organic chloramines are reported as the disinfection byproducts during chlorination or chloramination.However,ClO_2,as an important alternative disinfectant for chlorine,was not considered to produce halogenated amines.In the present work,volatile organic chloramines including(CH_3)_2 NCl and CH_3 NCl_2 were found to be generated during the reaction of ClO_2 and the dye pollutants.(CH_3)_2 NCl was the dominant volatile DBP to result from ClO_2 treated all four dye pollutants including Methyl Orange,Methyl Red,Methylene Blue and Malachite Green,with molar yields ranging from 2.6% to 38.5% at a ClO_2 to precursor(ClO_2/P) molar ratio of 10.HOCl was identified and proved to be the reactive species for the formation of (CH_3)_2 NCl,which implied(CH_3)_2 NCl was transformed by a combined oxidation of ClO_2 and hypochlorous acid.(CH_3)_2 NCl concentrations in the ppb range were observed when real water samples were treated by ClO_2 in the presence of the dye pollutants.The results suggest that these azo dyes are one of the significant precursors for the formation of HOCl during ClO_2 treatment and that organic chloramines should be considered in ClO_2 disinfection chemistry and water treatment.