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21.
不同级别城镇土壤重金属污染状况比较分析——以郑州市、中牟县和韩寺镇为例 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
选取自然条件类似但工业化、城镇化水平明显差异的郑州市、中牟县和韩寺镇,在野外调查取样、室内化验分析的基础上,运用地积累指数法比较了土壤Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr、Cu、Ni等6种重金属元素的污染特征。结果表明:(1)城镇土壤主要污染元素为Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr,基本上不存在Cu、Ni元素的外源性累积;由于受人为活动干扰,城镇土壤重金属元素具有强烈的变异性。(2)城镇土壤Pb和Cd污染主要与工业、交通废气沉降有关,Zn污染除工业、交通因素外,还与居民日常生活废弃物排放密切相关;工业区、交通密集区以及居民区土壤重金属污染程度显著高于其他功能区。(3)Pb和Cd在各研究区的累积程度的大小顺序为郑州市区>韩寺镇区>中牟县城>对照区,Zn为中牟县城>郑州市区>韩寺镇区>对照区,而Cr污染除在对照区略小之外,其他三个区域相差不大;不同级别城镇土壤重金属污染的差异是人为活动的历史累积作用和近年来城镇化、工业化影响作用相互叠加的结果。 相似文献
22.
Guangrong Sun Chuanyi Zhang Wei Li Limei Yuan Shilong He Liping Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(1):1
23.
Historical nitrogen content of bryophyte tissue as an indicator of increased nitrogen deposition in the Cape Metropolitan Area, South Africa 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Information on changes in precipitation chemistry in the rapidly expanding Cape Metropolitan Area (CMA) of South Africa is scarce. To obtain a long-term record of N deposition we investigated changes in moss foliar N, C:N ratios and nitrogen isotope values that might reflect precipitation chemistry. Tissue from 9 species was obtained from herbarium specimens collected between 1875 and 2000 while field samples were collected in 2001/2002. There is a strong trend of increasing foliar N content in all mosses collected over the past century (1.32-1.69 %N). Differences exist between ectohydric mosses which have higher foliar N than the mixohydric group. C:N ratios declined while foliar δ15N values showed no distinct pattern. From relationships between moss tissue N and N deposition rates we estimated an increase of 6-13 kg N ha−1 a−1 since 1950. Enhanced N deposition rates of this magnitude could lead to biodiversity losses in native ecosystems. 相似文献
24.
我国国内旅游呈快速发展态势。在国内旅游客流中,乡村游、近郊游、短线游、一日游、自驾游、休闲度假游等旅游客流成为主要旅游流,乡村成为重要旅游目的地。以西安市蓝田县汤峪古镇为例,通过实地调查研究,了解在旅游流时空演变下的乡村旅游开发及发展现状,找出面临的问题,从旅游流时空演变机理下的旅游客流、管理流、信息流、资金流、物资流、能量流、文化流、促销流、人才流等方面着手,就管理、开发规划、产品创新、环境与文化保护、市场营销、资金投入、延长产业链、人才培养等方面探讨其可持续发展模式。 相似文献
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Shijian GE Yongzhen PENG Congcong LU Shuying WANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(1):135-142
Based on the anoxic/oxic (A/O) step feed process, a modified University of Cape Town (UCT) step feed process was developed by adding an anaerobic zone and adjusting sludge return pipeline. Performance evaluation of these two types of processes was investigated by optimizing operational parameters, such as the anaerobic/anoxic/oxic volumes, internal recycle ratios, and sludge retention times, for removal of chemical oxygen demanding (COD), nitrogen, and phosphorus. Results showed high removal efficiencies of COD of (85.0±1.7)%, ammonium of (99.7±0.2)%, total nitrogen (TN) of (85.5±1.7)%, phosphorus of (95.1±3.3)%, as well as excellent sludge settleability with average sludge volume index of (83.7±9.5) L·mg-1 in the modified UCT process. Moreover, (61.5±6.0)% of influent COD was efficiently involved in denitrification or phosphorus release process. As much as 35.3% of TN was eliminated through simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process in aerobic zones. In addition, the presence of denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DNPAOs), accounting for approximately 39.2% of PAOs, was also greatly beneficial to the nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Consequently, the modified UCT step feed process was more attractive for the wastewater treatment plant, because it had extremely competitive advantages such as higher nutrient removal efficiencies, lower energy and dosages consumption, excellent settling sludge and operational assurance. 相似文献
28.
闫二旺 《中国人口.资源与环境》2002,(6)
本文以河北省衡水市大营镇为例 ,分析了大营镇民营企业制度中存在的主要问题 ,提出解决的对策及思路 ,并以此为基础阐述了乡镇二次创业与企业改制的关系 相似文献
29.
随着市场经济的不断发展,城市化的进程加快,农村人口向城市流动,使小城镇建设规模不断扩大,因而火灾等各种灾害对小城镇居民的生命和财产所造成的损失也越来越大。火灾时,外界风向、风速对火灾流场可能产生很大的影响。笔者根据小城镇一般民宅和建筑物的高度特点建立相应的几何模型和物理模型,利用Phoenics软件,从理论上研究了小城镇一幢楼房不同位置的房间发生火灾时,外界吹来不同风速的正向或侧向风,对房间内外稳态温度场与流场的影响。特别研究了房间内热气流流出窗外向上运动的浮力和外界风力相互作用发生的现象及其对房间内流动的影响。同时,还对不同外界风速情况下,房间内外速度中性面倾斜的角度等问题进行了初步讨论 相似文献
30.
Nontraditional settlement patterns and typhoon hazard on contemporary Majuro atoll,Republic of the Marshall Islands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dirk H. R. Spennemann 《Environmental management》1996,20(3):337-348
Low-lying islands and atolls are particularly prone to storm surges created by tropical depressions and typhoons. This paper presents a case study of traditional and contemporary settlement patterns of Majuro, the capital of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and discusses its vulnerability to such storm surges. The paper shows that the application of traditional knowledge extends to the realm of urban planning and that, in fact, ignoring this traditional knowledge as expressed in pre-World War II settlement patterns, exposes urban development to increased flood hazards, a risk which may exact a price too high in life and property. 相似文献