Kinetics and corrosion products of aqueous nitrate reduction by iron powder without reaction conditions control

Although considerable research has been conducted on nitrate reduction by zero-valent iron powder (Fe0), these studies were mostly operated under anaerobic conditions with invariable pH that was unsuitable for practical application. Without reaction conditions (dissolved oxygen or reaction pH) control, this work aimed at subjecting the kinetics of denitrification by microscale Fe0 (160–200 mesh) to analysis the factors affecting the denitrification of nitrate and the composition of iron reductive products c...     

Effect of functional groups on sludge for biosorption of reactive dyes

The sludge, which was collected from a biological coke wastewater treatment plant, was used as a low-cost adsorbent in the removal of reactive dyes (methylene blue (MB) and reactive red 4 (RR4)) from aqueous solution. The pH of dye solution played an important role on the dye uptake. As the solution pH increase, the MB uptake increased, while the RR4 uptake decreased. The maximum uptake of RR4 by protonated sludge was 73.7 mg/g at pH 1, and the maximum uptake of MB by sludge was 235.3 mg/g at pH 9. Three functional groups, including carboxyl, phosphonate, and amine group, were identified by potentiometric titration, fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The anionic functional groups, phosphonate and carboxyl group, were identified as the binding sites for the cationic MB. Amine groups were identified to bind RR4. The main mechanism of the reactive dyestuffs adsorption is electrostatic interaction.     

天然日光辐照下河口区CDOM的光化学降解

2005年5月初和5月末,对经0.2μm滤膜过滤的九龙江口低盐度水样进行了2次每天6h、为期1周的天然日光辐照实验,研究有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的荧光与吸收性质的光化学降解特征.结果表明, CDOM的类腐殖质荧光(λEx/λEm = 350/450nm)、类色氨酸荧光(λEx/λEm = 225/350nm)以及吸收系数在初夏短期日光辐照下均发生明显的光化学降解,其降解过程符合一级动力学方程,相应计算出类腐殖质和类色氨酸荧光以及吸收系数a(280)的半衰期分别为3.5～5.1 d、3.0～4.5 d及6.3 d.吸收损失光谱研究表明,对CDOM光降解起主要作用的是太阳辐射的紫外波段.照射42h后,类腐殖质荧光的损失(70%)远高于吸收系数a(280)的损失(约40%),表明CDOM荧光团比发色团更易被光漂白,但两者之间仍保持良好的正相关性.与对照组相比, CDOM经日光辐照后其A250/A350比值增大,表明光化学降解可使其平均分子粒径变小.结果表明, CDOM在入海后可通过光降解作用在近海海域发生转化及清除,光降解是陆源 CDOM 入海后的一个重要归宿.     

便携式X荧光光谱仪的实测比对与应用

通过对不同土壤环境标准物质和留样进行实测比对,验证了不同品牌的便携式X荧光光谱仪在不同样品情况下的工作性能,然后根据测试结果的准确度、精密度、可比性和仪器的辐射安全性优选出可用的仪器品牌;并对便携式X荧光光谱仪在土壤监测中存在的问题进行了探讨。     

南宁市医用Ⅲ类射线装置使用及防护现状调查

采用现场检查和机房周围环境监测相结合的方法,对南宁市195家291台Ⅲ类医用射线装置的防护状况进行了检查和监测。经过整改后,医疗单位射线装置检测合格率为100%。应从宣传培训、制度管理、监督监测等方面加强Ⅲ类医用射线装置放射防护工作。     

荧蒽对披针舟形藻的生长及叶绿素荧光特性影响

利用调制式叶绿素荧光仪(Water-PAM)测定了不同浓度的荧蒽(0、0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0 mg/L)处理后披针舟形藻(Navicula lanceolata)的叶绿素荧光动力学特征的变化.藻类的生物量以细胞密度表示,测定的主要荧光动力学参数为:光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm),PS...     

γ-射线对不同含水率剩余污泥的影响

采用溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)、紫外可见光谱及污泥内源呼吸耗氧速率等指标,探讨了不同剂量γ-射线对不同含水率剩余污泥的辐照效果.结果表明,经γ-射线辐照处理后,污泥上清液的SCOD随着辐照剂量的升高而不断增加;相同辐照剂量下,污泥含水率越低,SCOD值增幅越大:原污泥SCOD均不足100mg/L,经20kGy辐照后,...     

环境因素对大肠杆菌REP-PCR指纹图谱稳定性影响研究

大肠杆菌作为粪便污染指示生物,其DNA指纹图谱稳定性是制约微生物污染源识别技术发展的瓶颈之一.本研究采用绿色荧光蛋白基因(GFP)标记后的Escherichia coli K12(K12GFP)为受试菌株,利用REP-PCR方法,对大肠杆菌在不同温度、光照、盐度条件下其DNA指纹图谱的稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,绿色荧...     

大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)荧光AFLP分析体系的建立及优化

以大泷六线鱼为材料,通过对DNA提取质量和浓度、EcoR Ⅰ/Mse Ⅰ酶切反应时间、Mg2+浓度、dNTPs浓度、引物浓度以及选择性扩增中预扩增产物稀释倍数等关键因素进行研究,建立并优化了大泷六线鱼荧光AFLP分子标记反应体系.用优化的反应体系,筛选到10对适合大泷六线鱼的引物,为今后利用AFLP标记技术进行大泷六线...     

Cu2+诱导不同大小近江牡蛎HSC70基因表达差异及临界诱导浓度研究

采用以β-actin基因为内参基因的实时荧光定量PCR方法,检测了不同大小近江牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)被100 μg/L Cu2+处理48 h后闭壳肌、鳃、外套膜、消化腺等四种组织器官中HSC70基因mRNA的表达水平.结果显示,大个体的外套膜、鳃和消化腺中HSC70基因mRNA表达量...