燃煤电厂周围渔业养殖行为对水生生态环境中汞形态变化的影响

为研究燃煤电厂周围渔业养殖行为对水生生态环境中汞形态变化的影响,以浙江省象山港渔业养殖区为研究对象,对养殖区和对照区海水样品中不同形态汞浓度进行了测定.结果表明,燃煤电厂周围海域上覆水总汞浓度达到83.0 pmol·L-1±97.1 pmol·L-1.沉积物表层孔隙水中总溶解态汞随深度的下降而下降,并且10cm以上孔隙水中溶解态汞浓度显著高于10cm以下溶解态汞含量(P0.001),以上结果表明象山港海域水体中较高的汞浓度很有可能源于燃煤电厂的烟气释放.养殖区水体总汞浓度(96.5 pmol·L-1±133 pmol·L-1)高于对照区(69.5 pmol·L-1±39.4 pmol·L-1),主要源于养殖行为过程中从业人员生活污水的排放以及鱼饲料等物质在沉积物中的积累,进而向上覆水中释放.渔业养殖区孔隙水表层甲基汞(24.0pmol·L-1±16.7 pmol·L-1)浓度高于对照区(6.60 pmol·L-1±5.11 pmol·L-1),说明渔业养殖行为造成了沉积物中有机质积累,促进了汞的甲基化.     

The MYSound Project: building an estuary-wide monitoring network for Long Island Sound,USA

A network of five water quality monitoring stations has been established in Long Island Sound, measuring temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen since 1999. The stations are located in areas of extreme water quality degradation (western Long Island Sound) as well as in pristine areas (eastern Long Island Sound). The data from these stations are collected every 15 minutes and posted to the project web site in real time as provisional data. After subsequent quality assurance procedures, the data are archived to the project File Transfer Protocol (FSP) site for downloading by the user community. The network of stations is in part supported logistically by a number of partners, including state and local agencies, schools, and non-governmental organizations. Data from the monitoring programs of some of these partners are also published to the project website providing a more comprehensive and complete picture of the status of the Sound than can be provided independently. This repository of information is used by marine educators, resource managers, scientists, and the general public, each with a different end purpose. We use the data from two of the stations to show that these high frequency time series measurements can be used to complement and enhance other monitoring programs within the Sound, documenting in greater detail the occurrence and duration of hypoxic events.     

连云港附近海域水环境质量评价

对连云港附近海水环境现状进行了调查和评价，结果表明：连云港附近海域已受到重金属和有机物的污染，其中Pb和Hg的污染较重，部分海域呈富营养化状态，COD、无机氮、无机磷的含量已达发生赤潮的临界条件。     

基于GIS的营口港总体规划生态环境影响分析

规划环境影响评价是目前战略环境评价(SEA)研究中最活跃的领域.港口总体规划属于交通运输规划的范畴,涉及多种生态环境要素,对其实施后的生态环境效应进行分析和评价具有重要的现实意义.以营口港总体规划对大气和水环境影响及其对近海海域生态敏感区的影响为例,采用遥感(RS)与地理信息系统(GIS)相结合的技术,建立与评价相关的基于GIS的基础数据平台,运用GIS的空间分析功能对港区规划的生态环境影响进行分析和评估.实例研究表明,营口港规划实施将对陆域生态环境产生一定影响,对于海域生态敏感区的影响则较小.      

国际远洋船舶压舱水中的硅藻研究

应用新型压舱水采样器采集了5艘进入厦门港的国际远洋船舶14个压舱水水样,通过对样品中硅藻的分析、鉴定,共发现硅藻37属111种(包括变种和休止孢子),其中赤潮种28种,潜在有毒种1种,非本海域种6种:Stepharopyxis turris;Chaetoceros convoluts;C.crinitus;C.aurivilliis;C.neocompactum;C.subsalsum。各样品中硅藻丰度值在0.08×103/L～5.96×103/L之间,种类数(已定种)在6～36之间。结合硅藻组成和丰度可以推断压舱水的可能交换地。与前人的研究结果对比反映出压舱水可能导致新的外来有害生物入侵的潜在危害性,相关职能部门应加强压舱水的监管工作。     

深圳蛇口港及深圳湾潮间带动物的有机锡污染

以异辛烷为萃取剂、四乙基硼化钠为衍生剂对样品进行同步化液-液萃取衍生反应,采用气象色谱-火焰光度检测法,研究了深圳蛇口港及深圳湾海域潮间带动物的有机锡污染状况。结果显示,所有站位采集的双壳类体内普遍检测出三苯基锡、三丁基锡及其降解产物二丁基锡,含量分别为127.1～349.1、6.3～380.8及2.7～99.9ng/g(湿重)。采自赤湾和东角头的渔舟蜒螺体内存在较高含量的三苯基锡567.3～651.6ng/g(湿重)。所有软体动物均未检测出单丁基锡。采自红树林的纹藤壶含127.1ng/g(湿重)的三苯基锡,但未检测出丁基锡。文章结果与国内外已有的相关数据比较表明,蛇口港潮间带动物已经受到较严重的有基锡污染,深圳湾的海洋生物也受到一定程度的污染。深圳湾红树林国家自然保护区对于生物多样性的维持及侯鸟的保护都极其重要,该海区的有机锡污染问题需要引起高度重视。     

象山港海洋病毒时空分布特征及其环境影响因素

分别于2007年的7月(夏季)、11月(秋季)与2008年的1月(冬季)、4月(春季)采集样品,研究了象山港海域的水样(表层海水和上覆水)中的浮游病毒及沉积物中的底层病毒丰度的时空分布特征,并采用主成分分析及多元逐步回归分析方法研究了影响浮游病毒丰度时空分布的主要因素,结果表明,调查期间象山港海域表层海水、上覆水及沉积物样品中浮游(底层)病毒丰度实测值的变化范围为6.48×104~1.01×108cells/mL,均值分别为1.55×107,1.03×108,1.13×108cells/mL.季节分布特征为秋季 > 夏季 > 春季 > 冬季.病毒丰度垂直分布表现为上覆水均大于表层海水;平面分布均为从港底到港口递减、养殖区高于非养殖区、电厂附近海域出现较高值的趋势.近岸人类活动的陆源污染及水产养殖污染是造成此空间分布特征的主要原因.溶解氧、水温及叶绿素a是制约表层海水浮游病毒丰度的主要影响因素;营养盐含量及浮游细菌丰度是制约上覆水中浮游病毒丰度的主要影响因素,沉积物中的病毒丰度与细菌丰度具有显著正相关性(P < 0.01).     

FHWA模式在港口建设项目环评中的应用

运用美国ＦＨＷＡ公路噪声预测模式对秦皇岛新港口建设引起的相关公路两侧垢学环境变化进行了预测。通过预测与实测结果对比,证明了ＦＨＷＡ模式不仅适用于公路建设项目环境影响评价,而且适合于港口建设项目环境影响评价。     

一种海岸带生态安全管理方法及其应用

论述了海岸带生态安全管理的内涵,提出战略环境评价作为一种海岸带生态安全管理的方法,是有效的辅助决策工具,分析了面向海岸带生态安全管理的战略环境评价的对象、主要内容与范围以及评价方法,介绍了自然资源可持续利用评价的一种方法———资源定位法。并以象山港作为实例研究,运用资源定位法进行战略环境评价,评价结果表明象山港的主导功能应是水产养殖,同时兼顾滨海旅游是最佳的选择,港口建设应以小型的民用码头为主。     

PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY AND BIOMASS IN THE CHARLOTTE HARBOR ESTUARINE SYSTEM,FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: Phytoplankton carbon-14 productivity at a depth of 50 percent of surface light and chlorophyll-α concentrations were measured every other month from November 1985 through September 1986 at 12 stations in the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system. Maximum productivity and chlorophyll-α concentrations occurred during summer or early autumn near the mouths of tidal rivers. Most of the variability in light-normalized productivity and chlorophyll-α could be attributed to two factors derived from Principal Component Analysis of ambient water-quality characteristics. One factor related to seasonal variability and the other to spatial variability. The seasonal factor incorporated the interaction of temperature and nutrients. The spatial factor incorporated the interaction of salinity, nutrients, and water color that resulted from the mixing of freshwater inflow and seawater. Although freshwater inflow increased the availability of nutrients in low salinity (less than 10‰) waters, the highly colored freshwater restricted light penetration and phytoplankton productivity. Maximum productivity and biomass occurred where color associated with the freshwater inflow had been diluted by seawater so that light and nutrients were both available. Concentrations of inorganic nitrogen were often at or below detection limit throughout most of the high salinity (greater than 20‰) waters of the estuary and was probably the most critical nutrient in limiting phytoplankton productivity.