西安市灞河流域水环境现状分析及治理对策

基于大量的技术资料和监测数据,对西安市灞河流域的水环境进行了全面系统的分析,指出了面临的问题及其成因.在此基础上提出了灞河流域水环境治理的新思路、新方法,为流域的综合治理工作提供借鉴.     

宿迁经济开发区环保工作面临的挑战与对策

文中总结宿迁经济开发区环保工作现状,分析未来宿迁经济开发区面临:水环境质量未能根本好转、生活污染物排放量上升并成为主要污染问题、环境基础设施建设滞后于社会经济发展、工业企业污染存在反弹趋势、农村环境问题亟需关注、客水污染问题仍然存在等挑战,并提出了应对这些挑战的对策。     

Reprint of: Concentrations, distribution, and bioaccumulation of synthetic musks in the Haihe River of China

Seven typical synthetic musks (SMs) in the samples from the surface water, sediment and fish of the Haihe River were measured. The SM concentrations in the sediment and surface water of the Haihe River were significantly lower than those in the Dagu Drainage River and Chentaizi Drainage River (p < 0.05). Along the flow direction, the SM concentrations in surface water and sediment tended to increase from the upstream to the downstream of Dagu Drainage River. The Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were calculated at high levels in the muscles of crucian carp, common carp, and silver carp. Most of the biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for HHCB and AHTN were higher than 1.7, suggesting magnification possibly exist in the musk bioaccumulations of the three fishes in the Haihe River. No significant differences in HHCB/AHTN ratios were observed among the water, fish, and sediment samples (p > 0.05). However, the HHCB/AHTN values in the Haihe River were much lower than those in the Dagu Drainage River and Chentaizi Drainage River (p < 0.05). Compared with several typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs), the musk concentrations were higher or comparable in the Haihe River.     

River channel network design for drought and flood control: A case study of Xiaoqinghe River basin, Jinan City, China

Vulnerability of river channels to urbanization has been lessened by the extensive construction of artificial water control improvements. The challenge, however, is that traditional engineering practices on isolated parts of a river may disturb the hydrologic continuity and interrupt the natural state of ecosystems. Taking the Xiaoqinghe River basin as a whole, we developed a river channel network design to mitigate river risks while sustaining the river in a state as natural as possible. The river channel risk from drought during low-flow periods and flood during high-flow periods as well as the potential for water diversion were articulated in detail. On the basis of the above investigation, a network with “nodes” and “edges” could be designed to relieve drought hazard and flood risk respectively. Subsequently, the shortest path algorithm in the graph theory was applied to optimize the low-flow network by searching for the shortest path. The effectiveness assessment was then performed for the low-flow and high-flow networks, respectively. For the former, the network connectedness was evaluated by calculating the “gamma index of connectivity” and “alpha index of circuitry”; for the latter, the ratio of flood-control capacity to projected flood level was devised and calculated. Results show that the design boosted network connectivity and circuitry during the low-flow periods, indicating a more fluent flow pathway, and reduced the flood risk during the high-flow periods.     

基于因子分析和聚类分析的江苏十三市环境保护评价研究

本文根据工业废水排放量、工业二氧化硫排放量、工业烟尘排放量、工业废水排放达标率、工业固体废物综合利用率5个指标的统计数据,运用因子分析和聚类分析,对江苏13个市的环境保护状况进行评价,并将其分成5个不同的类别,第1类是苏州,第2类是南京,第3类包括无锡、南通、常州,第4类包括徐州、扬州、泰州、淮安、宿迁,第5类包括盐城、镇江、连云港,然后进一步对各类城市在污染强度和污染控制方面的特征进行分析。最后,分别对每类地区的环境保护提出对策建议。     

基于复合生态系统理论的长沙湘江滨水区景观资源评价与优化

近年来，随着我国经济的飞速发展、社会经济的转型，以及人们环境意识的提高，滨水区开发已成为我国城市开发建设的热点。城市滨水区景观规划设计研究对于合理、充分利用城市滨水区景观资源，塑造特色鲜明的城市形象，提高城市生态环境质量，促进城市滨水区开发有着重要意义。从复合生态系统理论的角度，在湘江滨水区景观资源调查、景观资源分类的基础上，运用灰色聚类法对湘江滨水区景观资源进行定量评价，提出景观资源优化思路，探讨滨水区景观规划设计的途径。认为现代城市大规模滨水区更新改造和开发大背景下的城市滨水区景观规划设计，应尊重城市地域性特点、文化内涵和风土人情,并与传统的滨水活动有机结合，保护和突出城市历史格局和风貌特色。     

雅砻江流域湿地景观格局变化分析

应用ArcGIS软件，对雅砻江流域湿地1986和2000年遥感数据进行解译、矢量化处理，用Apack软件进行湿地景观格局指数计算，研究了近15 a雅砻江流域景观空间格局特征及其变化。结果表明：（1）近15 a雅砻江流域湿地景观面积减少，减少量为49404 hm2，占2000年湿地总面积的0506%；（2）两个时期内湿地斑块密度保持不变，湿地景观的聚集度都很高，均在099以上，湿地景观集中分布，破碎化水平低；（3）雅砻江流域湿地景观的多样性指数水平和均匀度水平较低，而且两指数在两个个时期内没有发生太大的变化，且各类湿地景观比例差异相对较大，沼泽湿地景观控制的程度较高；（4）雅砻江流域的5类湿地景观分布质心基本上未发生变化，但总体格局分布质心向南偏移001°，再向西偏移023°，整体上向西南方向偏移了2532 km     

长江干流不同江段鱼卵及仔鱼漂流特征昼夜变化的初步分析

根据2007~2009年在长江干流的泸州、珞璜、宜都、武穴4个江段分别采集的数据，对这些江段鱼卵及仔鱼漂流特征的昼夜变化规律进行初步分析。结果显示，长江上游泸州江段和珞璜江段鱼卵及仔鱼昼夜漂流密度有一定差异，但不显著；长江中游宜都江段，鱼卵漂流密度在昼夜时间上有显著性差异（〖WTBX〗n=38，p〖WTBZ〗=000），表现为6〖DK〗∶00的平均漂流密度13.02 ind./100 m3明显大于18〖DK〗∶00的密度3.28 ind./100 m3，仔鱼夜间漂流密度明显大于白天，于22〖DK〗∶00达到高峰值；武穴江段仔鱼漂流密度在昼夜时间上有显著性差异（〖WTBX〗n=62，p〖WTBZ〗=000），8〖DK〗∶00的平均漂流密8621 ind./100 m3明显大于18〖DK〗∶00的密度4485 ind./100 m3。不同物种的鱼卵及仔鱼漂流密度亦呈现出一定的昼夜差异，宜都江段贝氏〖FK（W*5/5。1〗〖PS黎明政造字2.EPS；%84%84,BP〗〖FK)〗，草鱼和银鲴鱼卵主要分布在白天，鳙、鲢等种类分布在夜间；另外，鳙、银鮈、铜鱼和翘嘴鲌等多数种类的仔鱼仅在夜间有分布，而飘鱼属的种类主要分布在白天。通过采集到鱼卵发育期推算，四大家鱼、贝氏〖FK（W*5/5。1〗〖PS黎明政造字2.EPS；%84%84,BP〗〖FK)〗、银鲴和翘嘴鲌的繁殖时间主要集中在夜间，而花斑副沙鳅和鳊全天均有繁殖     

生态环境监理——天津市大港区的探索

环境保护包括污染防治和生态保护两大方面 ,目前 ,在污染源治理取得明显效果 ,生态环境遭受不同程度破坏的情况下 ,实施生态环境监理势在必行。大港区环保局就生态环境监理开展了探索性的工作。     

黄河源区生态破坏现状及保护对策

黄河源区自然条件严酷,生态环境脆弱。随着黄河源区资源开发力度逐步加大,草场和灌丛植被遭到不同程度的破坏,生态环境日趋恶化。具体表现为草原退化严重,水土流失加剧,土地荒漠化扩大,水源涵养能力大为降低。因此,保护黄河源区生态环境,建立黄河源头特殊生态功能保护区已刻不容缓。