长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中营养元素的分布特征及其控制因素

对2003年6月采集的长江口及邻近海域的24个表层沉积物样品进行分析,分别得到C、N、P三种营养元素的三种形态的含量,并由此得到不同形态营养元素的平面分布及其在总量中所占的份额,即IC、IP为C、P的优势形态,而ON为N的优势形态。在此基础上,进一步分析了影响不同营养元素分布的因素,得出上覆水体的温度、沉积物粒度以及水动力条件等对沉积物中营养元素的分布具有重要影响。     

多环芳烃在珠江口的百年沉积记录

伶仃洋西滩为珠江口的重要沉积区之一.本文分析了采自伶仃洋西滩沉积钻孔(Core 25)中多环芳烃的垂直分布和含量特征,结合²¹⁰Pb定年,重现了该地区近百年来多环芳烃(PAH)的沉积历史.多环芳烃在整个沉积剖面(0～62cm)的含量介于59～330ng·g^-1 (干重) .从19世纪60年代开始,PAH沉积通量逐渐上升,在20世纪50年代达到第一个高峰值.PAH含量在20世纪60～70年代有所降低.20世纪80年代后,PAH含量急剧上升,并在90年代达到最高值.珠江口沉积柱中的多环芳烃主要为热成因来源,其通量变化与周边人类活动(国内生产总值,机动车数量,能源消耗)呈正相关.大气干湿沉降及地表的冲刷作用是PAH进入水体沉积物的主要途径.     

长江口没冒沙演变过程及其对水库工程的响应

研究南槽没冒沙演变规律,可以为筑库引淡蓄水工程建设提供科学依据。根据该海区近百年来各个时期的海图和20年来的实测水文泥沙等资料以及2003、2004年的现场观测数据,探讨了没冒沙的形成及形成后的演变过程。研究表明：没冒沙的形成和发育经历了局部边滩冲刷、边滩沙嘴发育和沙脊形成3个阶段;近半个世纪来,沙体中轴位置在稳定强劲的涨落潮流作用下呈现出西北—东南走向的良好的稳定性,具有潮流脊性质。而蓄淡水库工程建设将有可能使南槽成为适应进出水沙量的新型河槽。     

Ecosystem Responses to Extreme Natural Events: Impacts of Three Sequential Hurricanes in Fall 1999 on Sediment Quality and Condition of Benthic Fauna in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina

A study was conducted in November 1999 to assess sediment quality and condition of benthic fauna in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE), North Carolina, USA, following the passage of three Atlantic hurricanes during the two months prior. Samples for analysis of macroinfauna (>0.5 mm sieve size), chemical contamination of sediments, and other abiotic environmental variables (salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, depth, sediment granulometry) were collected at 20 sites from the mouth of the Neuse River at Pamlico Sound to approximately 90 km upstream. Results were compared to those obtained from the same area in July 1998 using similar protocols. Depressed salinity, caused by extreme rainfall and associated high freshwater flow, persisted throughout much of the estuary, which had experienced periods of water-column stratification and hypoxia of underlying waters. Fifteen of the 20 sites, representing 299 km² (76% of the survey area), also showed signs of benthic stress based on a multi-metric benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI). Benthic impacts included reductions in the abundance, diversity, and numbers of species and shifts in taxonomic composition, with a notable increase in dominance of the opportunistic polychaete Mediomastus ambiseta as other former dominant species declined. There was no significant increase in the extent of chemical contamination compared to pre-hurricane conditions. Storm-related reductions in dissoved oxygen and salinity were the more likely causes of the observed benthic impacts, though it was not possible, based on these results, to separate storm effects from seasonal changes in the benthos and annual episodes of summer anoxia and hypoxia.     

闽江河口湿地资源和保护对策

该文介绍了闽江河口湿地的基本状况，分析了湿地保护中存在的主要问题，提出了保护闽江河口湿地的建议。     

城市尾水外排长江口的氧化还原环境监测及其对重金属Hg,Cr形态的影响分析

2001-2002年对上海城市尾水排放对周边水域的影响进行研究,测量了竹园、白龙港尾水排放口水体的氧化还原电位(Eh),并分析了它对重金属形态及其毒性的影响。结果表明,目前上海市城市尾水水下排放并未改变长江口大水体的氧化还原环境,基本以氧化环境为主。重金属元素Hg、Cr主要以Hg(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅲ)形态存在,尾水外排不会使Cr毒性增加。     

鸭绿江口滨海湿地环境保护及其资源持续利用对策

阐述了鸭绿江滨海湿地生态环境主要类型及其动植物资源现状、主要生态环境问题及其产生原因 ;提出了鸭绿江口滨海湿地环境保护及其资源持续利用对策     

长江口及邻近水域春季鱼卵仔鱼分布与环境因子的关系

根据2001~2003年间,每年5月长江口及邻近水域现场调查资料,分析了鱼卵仔鱼分布的年际变化特征及其与环境因子的关系。结果显示:鱼卵仔鱼的数量三年间的年际变化起伏较大,2002年为鱼卵高峰期,2003年为仔鱼峰值期。鱼卵以东经122°15′为界,呈现东少西多的分布格局,仔鱼则以30°45′为界,呈南少北多的分布趋势。盐度相对水温对鱼卵所产生的效应更为明显,水温较盐度则是影响仔鱼的更重要因子。长江径流量变动对鱼卵仔鱼数量和分布产生一定的影响。浮游桡足类与鱼卵仔鱼的摄食关系决定了其丰度变化影响着鱼卵仔鱼的数量变动。     

Natural and artificial landscape change in a Dutch estuary: partially monitored with low budget method (a study in the fourth dimension)

This study includes ome aspects of the shift in the Dutch attitude in relation to water during the past millennia from defense to attack to keeping the balance(“co-evolution“).It has a special focus on the freshwater tidal part,which embraces the largest of the world:Rotterdam ,as well as the largest national park of the Northerlands.It reports especially about a young mans endeavor in half a c century real time monitoring of some land (scape) units with simple means.     

珠江口底栖生物重金属含量现状与评价

根据2003年的调查资料，结合国内外有关生物残毒理论，对珠江口海域底栖生物重金属含量现状进行分析与评价。结果表明，底栖生物中Hg、Ph、Cd、As含量较低，但甲壳动物和软体动物体内Ph和Cd具有潜在的严重积累问题；甲壳类Cd含量已严重超人体消费标准，软体类的Cd含量等于人体消费标准值，甲壳动物和软体动物的可食性应引起人们的关注。