纳米ZnO光催化降解溴化乙锭(EB)的初步研究

对ZnO光催化降解溴化乙锭(EB)中的光源、反应介质、pH值、光催化剂用量、光照时间及氧化剂的加入等因素进行了考察.结果表明,在日光和紫外光照射下,EB都能得到较好的降解.在EB初始浓度50mg·l-1,pH 9的水溶液中,紫外光照射240min,ZnO(80mg)光催化降解EB的降解率可达到92.9%.     

A simple and cheap method for preparation of coupled ZrO2/ZnO with high photocatalytic activities

The objective of this study was to prepare a new photocatalyst with high activities for degradation of organic pollutants. Coupled ZrO₂/ZnO photocatalyst was prepared with a simple precipitation method with cheap raw materials zinc acetate and zirconium oxychloride, and was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Reactive brilliant red X-3B was used as a model compound to investigate the photocatalytic activity of synthesized catalysts in water under 254 nm UV irradiation. Results show that the optimal calcination temperature and coupling molar ratio of Zr were 350°C And 2.5%, respectively. At the calcination temperature of 350°C, ZrO₂ was dispersed on the surface of hexagonal ZnO in the form of amorphous clusters. The particle size of ZrO₂/ZnO decreased with the decrease of calcination temperature and the increase of Zr coupling amount. ZrO₂/ZnO has better photocatalytic activity for degradation of reactive brilliant red (RBR) X-3B than pure ZnO and P25-TiO₂.     

掺入金属离子的TiO2纳米粒子光催化降解吖啶橙

利用酸催化溶胶－凝胶法（ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ）制备了 Ｆｅ３＋和 Ｃｒ３＋不同掺入量的 ＴｉＯ２半导体纳米粒子研究了这些纳米粒子对吖啶橙光催化氧化降解的影响．结果表明，微量 Ｆｅ３＋和 Ｃｒ３＋的掺入可明显提高 ＴｉＯ２的光催化活性．进一步研究表明，在 Ｆｅ３＋－ＴｉＯ２体系中，最佳掺入量为 ０．１％，而且中性介质和自然光有利于光催化氧化反应的进行，反应３ｈ后降解率可达９７．７５％．在Ｃｒ３＋－ＴｉＯ２体系中，弱碱性介质和自然光有利于光催化氧化反应，最佳掺入量为０．０５％，降解率可达８７．５４％．     

纳米氢氧化镁改性PVDF超滤膜的制备与表征

通过相转化法制备了纳米PVDF/Mg(OH)_2共混超滤膜,研究了负载Mg(OH)_2对PVDF膜结构和性能的影响。以牛血清蛋白(BSA)为模拟污染物进行超滤试验,测试膜的纯水通量和截留率;测定膜表面和水之间的接触角,进而定量分析比较膜表面的亲水性;利用微机电子控制万能试验机测试膜的机械性能;通过扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等方法表征膜表面特征。结果表明,添加纳米Mg(OH)_2的改性膜保持了原有膜的晶型结构,证明纳米Mg(OH)_2与PVDF材料有很好的相容效果。当纳米Mg(OH)_2添加量为0.8%(质量分数)时,改性效果达到最优。此时,接触角从73.1°降至59.6°,纯水通量为333.37 L/(m~2·h),较未改性前提高了126.3%,膜的拉伸最大力为6.8 N,断裂伸长率为16.2%,较未改性膜的机械性能有明显提高,膜的抗污染性也显著提高。     

Impact of biosolids, ZnO, ZnO/biosolids on bacterial community and enantioselective transformation of racemic–quizalofop–ethyl in agricultural soil

The effects of biosolids,ZnO,and ZnO/biosolids on soil microorganism and the environmental fate of coexisting racemic–quizalofop–ethyl(rac-QE) were investigated.Microbial biomass carbon in native soil,soil/biosolids decreased by 62% and 52% in the presence of ZnO(2‰,weight ratio).The soil bacterial community structure differed significantly among native soil,soil/biosolids,soil/ZnO,and soil/biosolids/ZnO based on a principal co-ordinate analysis(PCo A) of OTUs and one-way ANOVA test of bacterial genera.Chemical transformation caused by ZnO only contributed 4% and 3% of the overall transformation of R-quizalofop-ethyl(R-QE) and S-quizalofop-ethyl(S-QE) in soil/ZnO.The inhibition effect of ZnO on the initial transformation rate of R-QE(rR-QE) and S-QE(rR-QE) in soil only observed when enantiomer concentration was larger than 10 mg/kg.Biosolids embedded with ZnO(biosolids/ZnO) caused a 17%–42% and 22%–38% decrease of rR-QEand rS-QE,although rR-QEand rS-QEincreased by 0%–17% and 22%–58% by the addition of biosolids.The results also demonstrated that the effects of biosolids on agricultural soil microorganism and enantioselective transformation of chiral pesticide was altered by the embedded nanoparticles.     

毛霉菌回收金纳米颗粒的影响因素及吸附行为

生物吸附在贵金属的回收中具有较高的应用潜力.本研究以毛霉菌(Mucor varians)菌株(CGMCC 3.02549)为菌种资源,探究了毛霉菌吸附Au~(3+)的影响因素,包括初始Au~(3+)浓度、温度和pH值,研究了毛霉菌吸附Au~(3+)的动力学和热力学特性.结果表明,随着初始Au~(3+)浓度升高,毛霉菌的吸附率降低,吸附容量增高;吸附率随着温度的升高而增加;pH对毛霉菌吸附Au~(3+)的效果影响明显,pH为3时吸附效果最佳.毛霉菌对Au~(3+)的等温吸附过程更符合Langmuir方程(R2=0.985),最大吸附量为325.418 mg·g~(-1).拟二级动力学方程更适合描述Au~(3+)在毛霉菌上的吸附动力学(R2=0.910~0.922).通过热力学分析得出,毛霉菌吸附Au~(3+)是自发的吸热过程.傅里叶红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射和透射电镜分析表明,回收产物为金纳米颗粒,羰基和羟基是起主要作用的官能团.     

膨润土负载纳米铁/镍还原阿莫西林的环境影响因素研究

采用液相还原法制备膨润土负载纳米铁/镍(Bent-Fe/Ni)用于还原阿莫西林,研究了不同浓度的阴离子(SO2-4、HCO-3)和阳离子(Ca2+、Cu2+)对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林的影响.结果表明,SO2-4、HCO-3浓度对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林的影响较大,当其浓度分别为0和500mg·L-1时,阿莫西林的去除率分别为93.7%和21.5%(SO2-4),以及93.7%和5.8%(HCO-3);Ca2+对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林起到抑制作用,当其浓度为0和500 mg·L-1时,阿莫西林的去除率分别为93.7%和77.8%;低浓度的Cu2+对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林起到促进作用,而高浓度的Cu2+对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林起到抑制作用,当其浓度为0、10和100 mg·L-1时,阿莫西林的去除率分别为93.7%、94.8%和86.7%.     

Engineering of responsive polymer based nano-reactors for facile mass transport and enhanced catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

Silver nanoparticles with average diameter of 10 ± 3 nm were synthesized within the sieves of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-acrylic acid)(p(NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc))polymer microgels. Free radial emulsion polymerization was employed for synthesis of p(NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc) polymer microgels. Silver nanoparticles were introduced within the microgels sphere by in situ reduction method. Microgels and hybrid microgels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultra violet-visible spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements. Catalytic activity of Ag-p(NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc) hybrid microgels was studied using catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol(4-NP) as a model reaction in aqueous media. The influence of sodium borohydride(Na BH4) concentration, catalyst dose and 4-NP concentration on catalytic reduction of 4-NP was investigated. A linear relationship was found between catalyst dose and apparent rate constant(kapp). The mechanism of catalysis by hybrid microgels was explored for further development in this area. The deep analysis of catalytic process reveals that the unique combination of NIPAAm, HEMA and AAc does not only stabilize silver nanoparticles in polymer network but it also enhances the mass transport of hydrophilic substrate like 4-NP from outside to inside the polymer network.