治理锅炉房鼓风机噪声的实践

采用消声，吸声，隔声和隔振等多项措施对锅炉房鼓风机的噪声进行治理，降噪效果明显，取得了较好的综合效益。     

Na2CO3喷雾液滴吸收SO2气液两相反应的原位测量

发展湿法烟气脱硫气液两相反应进程的原位在线测量技术有助于研究脱硫反应的传质过程,提高脱硫效率.本文选取双碱法中的Na₂CO₃喷雾液滴吸收SO₂气液两相反应作为测量对象,利用自行研发的紧凑型彩虹折射仪搭建了全场彩虹测量系统,测量了喷雾液滴的折射率,通过反应过程中雾滴折射率的变化表征Na₂CO₃喷雾液滴吸收SO₂气液两相反应的进程.结果表明,随着Na₂CO₃喷雾液滴吸收SO₂气液两相反应的进行,喷雾液滴中的溶质Na₂CO₃逐渐转变成Na₂SO₃,液滴的折射率逐渐增大.依据Na₂CO₃的转化比例随液滴折射率的线性变化,推算出测量段内Na₂CO₃消耗量约为62.1%,进而计算出Na₂CO₃喷雾液滴吸收SO₂气液两相反应速率为8.8×10^-6kmol/（m²·s）.     

气候变化情景下地表O3对水稻产量的潜在风险评估

利用2013~2015年水稻生长季期间气象因子、O₃浓度和气孔导度的实测数据,分析了O₃浓度与AOT40的变化,引入并修订了水稻气孔导度模型,模拟了水稻气孔O₃吸收通量的动态变化,评估了当前和未来气候变化情景下O₃污染所造成的水稻产量损失.结果表明：2013~2015年水稻生长季期间的白天时段,平均O₃浓度分别为35.8,42.0,47.9nL/L,AOT40值分别为5.33,9.03,11.25μL/（L·h）.修订后的模型可用于本地区水稻气孔导度的模拟,2013~2015年水稻气孔O₃通量AF_st02分别为2.02,6.42,7.79mmol/m².2013~2015年地表O₃造成水稻平均相对产量损失分别为4.9%、11.7%和14.3%.在未来气候变化情景下若不考虑O₃浓度的变化,O₃对水稻的胁迫效应将会降低,若考虑未来O₃浓度的变化,O₃造成水稻产量的损失将增加4.7~5.7%.     

基于显微拉曼面扫的小尺寸微塑料检测方法

由于检测方法的限制,小尺寸（<50 μm）微塑料的检测研究较少.提出一种无须挑选、能够较为准确高效识别小尺寸微塑料的方法.筛选出2种合适的过滤膜作为分离和分析微塑料所用基底,使用显微拉曼光谱的面扫模式对5种常见的微塑料进行定性和定量检测.结果表明,该方法能够将最小粒径为1μm的小尺寸微塑料从滤膜背景上识别出来,并作伪彩色图直观显示微塑料的尺寸、形状和种类.以石英砂颗粒模拟环境样品中的杂质,该方法也可排除杂质的影响,准确定位微塑料.在3种浓度梯度下,不同粒径（5~50μm）的聚苯乙烯微塑料回收率为33.3%~79.0%.     

Seasonality of carbonaceous aerosol composition and light absorption properties in Karachi, Pakistan

Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol(CA) and its light absorption properties are limited in Karachi,which is one of the most polluted metropolitan cities in South Asia.This study presents a comprehensive measurement of seasonality of CA compositions and mass absorption cross-section(MAC) of elemental carbon(EC) and water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC) in total suspended particles(TSP) collected from February 2015 to March 2017 in the southwest part of Karachi.The average TSP,organic carbon(OC),and EC concentrations were extremely high with values as 391.0±217.0,37.2±28.0,and 8.53±6.97 μg/m~3,respectively.These components showed clear seasonal variations with high concentrations occurring during fall and winter followed by spring and summer.SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-,K~+,and NH_4~+showed similar variations with CA,implying the significant influence on atmospheric pollutants from anthropogenic activities.Relatively lower OC/EG ratio(4.20±2.50)compared with remote regions further indicates fossil fuel combustion as a primary source of CA.Meanwhile,sea salt and soil dust are important contribution sources for TSP.The average MAC of EC(632 nm) and WSOC(365 nm) were 6.56±2.70 and 0.97±0.37 m~2/g,respectively.MAC_(EC) is comparable to that in urban areas but lower than that in remote regions,indicating the significant influence of local emissions.MACwsoc showed opposite distribution with EC,further suggesting that OC was significantly affected by local fossil fuel combustion.In addition,dust might be an important factor increasing MACwsoc particularly during spring and summer.     

Simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO using a spray dryer absorption (SDA) method combined with O3 oxidation for sintering/pelleting flue gas

Based on the demand of sintering/pelleting flue gas ultra-low emission, a semi-dry method using a spray dryer absorber (SDA) combined with O₃ oxidation was proposed for simultaneous removal of SO₂ and NO. Effects of O₃ injection site, O₃/NO molar ratio, and spray tower temperature on the removal efficiencies were investigated. It was revealed that both desulfurization and denitrification efficiencies could reach to 85% under the conditions of setting O₃ injection site inside of tower, O₃/NO molar ratio 1.8, spray tower temperature 85°C, Ca/(S + 2 N) molar ratio 2.5 and slurry flow rate 300 mL/hr. CaSO₃/Ca(OH)₂ mixture slurry was used as absorbent to simulate operating conditions in iron and steel industry. The result shows that the addition of CaSO₃ weakens both removal efficiencies. In addition, the reaction mechanism of simultaneous removal of SO₂ and NO using SDA combined with O₃ oxidation was proposed.     

离子液体[TETAH]+[BF4]--乙二醇混合体系吸收CO2的实验研究

以三乙烯四胺(TETA)为阳离子前驱体、氟硼酸(HBF_4)为阴离子前驱体制备多胺基离子液体[TETAH]~+[BF_4]~-,并与助溶剂乙二醇(EG)按一定计量比组成[TETAH]~+[BF_4]~--EG混合体系.实验考察了离子液体的浓度、吸收温度和气体流量等对该混合体系吸收CO_2性能的影响.结果表明,当[TETAH]~+[BF_4]~-的浓度为20%,吸收温度为15℃,气体流量为200 mL·min~(-1)时,该混合体系对CO_2的吸收容量达到1.50 mol·mol~(-1)(以每mol离子液体吸收的CO_2量(mol)计,下同);离子液体的浓度、CO_2流量和温度均会影响该混合体系达到吸收平衡的时间.同时,该混合体系对CO_2的吸收容量均高于[TETAH]~+[BF_4]~-和EG单独吸收CO_2的容量,这表明离子液体[TETAH]~+[BF_4]~-与助溶剂EG之间存在某种协同作用.另外,该混合体系具有良好的再生性能,在80℃的条件下经过5次吸收-解吸循环实验后的吸收摩尔分率为1.00 mol·mol~(-1),性能下降仅为33.3%.     

一株耐镉伯克氏菌的分离鉴定及其对镉的吸收转运特性

农田土壤镉（Cd）污染日益加剧,严重威胁着农村生态安全与居民身体健康,而微生物修复被认为是一种行之有效的Cd污染土壤原位修复方法.为了给Cd污染土壤微生物修复提供功能菌株,采取平板划线从Cd污染土壤中分离纯化得到一株高耐性耐Cd菌株B-6,通过生理生化试验及16S rDNA对其进行了鉴定,并研究了菌株对Cd²⁺的吸收转运特性.经鉴定,高耐性耐Cd菌株B-6为伯克霍尔德菌属（Burkholderia cepacia）,其对Cd²⁺的耐受阈值为850 mg·L^-1.通过单因素优化培养发现,菌株B-6对Cd²⁺的吸收量随着培养温度的增加先增大后减小;随着培养液初始pH值的增大先增大后减小,同时发现菌株B-6能够有效调控系统的终点pH值;随着转速的增大先增大后减小.当初始浓度为400 mg·L^-1,培养温度为30℃,培养液初始pH值为5.0,转速为120 r·min^-1,培养时间为72 h时,菌株B-6对Cd²⁺的吸收效果最佳,达到51 mg·g^-1.通过分析亚细胞组分Cd²⁺含量发现,Cd²⁺被菌体吸收后主要赋存于细胞壁.     

测定气溶胶灭火剂产物PH值的新方法

气溶胶灭火剂是高效灭火剂，气溶胶灭火剂产物PH值测量对新型气溶胶灭火剂的开发有指导作用。与传统方法不同，本方法测量出的PH值具有唯一性，即每种气溶胶灭火剂产物的PH测定值与气溶胶灭火剂产物的组成有关而与吸收水量、吸收时间、气溶胶的留空时间无关。该方法能更好的比较不同气溶胶灭火剂产物间的酸碱度。     

炼油污水深度处理回用工艺中阳离子树脂污染物脱除性能研究

实验考察了深度处理后的炼油污水用于锅炉时的性能状况,分析了污水化学需氧量(COD)、硬度对树脂吸附脱氨性能的影响。研究表明,在对炼油污水进行深度处理时,污水的COD、硬度严重影响树脂对氨、氮的吸附。树脂对硬度的吸附率高于对氨、氮的吸附率,稳态时树脂能使COD降低60%。树脂脱氨不适合于对炼油废水深度处理时作为脱氨的主要工艺,应置于深度处理的后段。氨、氮量及COD均被有效地降低后,再对水的硬度进行处理。