立体结构障碍物对甲烷预混火焰传播影响的研究

使用自行设计的火焰加速试验系统,研究了3种立体结构障碍物对管道内预混火焰传播速度和超压的影响。选用长方体、正四棱柱和圆柱,其阻塞比均为40%。结果表明,管道内障碍物对火焰传播的初始阶段起阻碍作用,当火焰越过障碍物后,障碍物加速火焰传播过程。有障碍物时管道内最大火焰传播速度和峰值超压比无障碍物时要大。随着点火距离的增大,管道中最大火焰传播速度和超压先变大后减小。当障碍物位于约6倍管径处时,对管道中火焰传播速度和超压影响最大。点火距离的改变对火焰传播速度的影响大于对管道内超压的影响。     

加速度均方根地震动统计研究

根据美国加州等地的强震记录,采用回归分析方法研究了加速度记录水平、竖向分量的峰值加速度(PGA)和一定时间窗内加速度均方根(SRSTM S)的衰减规律。所采用的加速度记录共795组(两水平向与一竖向)2 385条。对作为地震危险性分析的主要参数PGA的衰减规律与SRSTM S的衰减规律作了详细的研究,结果表明,SRSTM S的离散性明显的小于PGA,因此建议将SRSTM S的衰减关系应用于地震动强度的危险性分析。     

风场类型对高层建筑风致响应的影响研究

风荷载是影响高层建筑安全性的重要因素之一,而不同的风环境会对高层建筑的风致响应存在不同程度的影响,基于此背景,本文通过高层建筑多自由度气动弹性模型风洞试验,获得了结构原始加速度时程曲线,采用随机减量法对其气动阻尼进行识别,分析了风场类型对高层建筑气动阻尼比和风致加速度响应的影响。结果表明:横风向气动阻尼比随折减风速的变化起伏较大,顺风向气动阻尼比随折减风速的增大而增大;折减风速小于特定值时,地貌类型对气动阻尼影响较小;随着风场类型从A类变化为D类,结构横、顺风向的气动阻尼比的变化趋势趋于平缓,气动阻尼比的正峰值减小,正峰值风速增大。高层建筑横风向的加速度响应大于顺风向;风场类型从A类变化为D类的过程中,横、顺风向的加速度响应均减小。风向角对气动阻尼比和加速度响应均存在较明显的影响。     

醋酸纤维素包埋非水溶性介体催化强化生物反硝化特性

利用醋酸纤维素包埋法固定非水溶性醌类介体,研究其催化强化Paracoccus versutus菌株GW1的反硝化作用。结果表明,醌浓度在26.7 mmol/L时,固定化蒽醌(AQ)、1-氯蒽醌(1-AQ)、2-氯蒽醌(2-AQ)、1,5-二氯蒽醌(1,5-AQ)、1,8-二氯蒽醌(1,8-AQ)和1,4,5,8-四氯蒽醌(1,4,5,8-AQ)催化反硝化效率依次为:1,5-AQ1,8-AQ1,4,5,8-AQAQ1-AQ空白对照2-AQ。反应10 h时,1,5-AQ可使硝酸盐去除率比空白对照提高1.84倍;硝酸盐氮反硝化动力学拟合为零级反应,其速率常数Kx随1,5-AQ浓度的增加均呈线性增加(Kx=0.1885C1,5-AQ+8.378);水中溶解氧会降低GW1菌反硝化的效果;投加1,5-AQ的反硝化体系中亚硝酸盐积累的最大值比不投加介体的低48.3%;醋酸纤维素介体小球经过4次的重复利用,催化效果始终是空白对照的1.5倍以上。醋酸纤维素固定化非水溶性醌可以有效加速生物反硝化,表明其是一种较优的醌固定化方法,具有良好的应用价值。     

Effects of thermal radiation heat transfer on flame acceleration and transition to detonation in particle-cloud hydrogen flames

The current work examines regimes of the hydrogen–oxygen flame propagation and ignition of mixtures heated by radiation emitted from the flame. The gaseous phase is assumed to be transparent for the radiation, while the suspended particles of the dust cloud ahead of the flame absorb and reemit the radiation. The radiant heat absorbed by the particles is then lost by conduction to the surrounding unreacted gaseous phase so that the gas phase temperature lags that of the particles. The direct numerical simulations solve the full system of two phase gas dynamic time-dependent equations with a detailed chemical kinetics for a plane flames propagating through a dust cloud. It is shown that depending on the spatial distribution of the dispersed particles and on the value of radiation absorption length the consequence of the radiative preheating of the mixture ahead of the flame can be either the increase of the flame velocity for uniformly dispersed particles or ignition either new deflagration or detonation ahead of the original flame via the Zel'dovich gradient mechanism in the case of a layered particle-gas cloud deposits. In the latter case the ignited combustion regime depends on the radiation absorption length and correspondingly on the steepness of the formed temperature gradient in the preignition zone that can be treated independently of the primary flame. The impact of radiation heat transfer in a particle-laden flame is of paramount importance for better risk assessment and represents a route for understanding of dust explosion origin.     

贫信息背景下复杂装备的加速系数确定模型——基于灰色关联与失效相似度

针对传统加速系数确定方法过分依赖可靠性增长模型与利用子系统进行数据融合机理不清晰的问题,提出一种利用装备、环境与失效相似度综合确定复杂装备加速系数的方法.利用灰色关联与灰靶方法充分筛选历史相关样本进行信息融合,提出的方法极大程度地在小样本的情况下对相关信息进行挖掘.与传统方法相比,本方法需要的数据较少,易于取得,计算简便且适用于各类新装备的各类新环境.最后通过算例分析证明了方法的简便性与实用性.证明了方法兼具理论与实践价值.     

铝合金综合环境试验研究

针对海洋性气候条件下航空铝合金的大气腐蚀,提出了一种综合环境加速试验方法。进行了盐雾试验、周期浸润和综合环境加速试验,考察了这些加速试验方法的模拟性,并对综合环境试验的重现性进行了研究,探讨了该方法对户外暴露试验的加速倍率的规律。     

加速车道几何参数对合流区交通状况的影响分析*

为分析加速车道几何参数对合流区交通状况的影响,基于实验方案和效率-冲突率评价指标,构建实验平台并标定对应参数,结合实际交通场景数据及速度偏差和交通冲突相关系数指标,验证实验平台有效性。结果表明:w,l随主线流量增大而增大,合流区交通状况逐步变好;随主线流量增大,在l=60 m时,w对合流区交通状况的影响较大且整体交通状况较差,而l相应增大后,w对交通状况影响较小。     

离心加速度试验样品装卡改进及试验影响分析

离心加速度试验是装备环境试验不可缺少的部分,本文介绍了离心加速度试验样品通用装卡方法和改进型装卡方法,以及装卡方法改进后对试验影响的分析讨论,给出了改进后在加速度试验量值误差范围内的安装要求和适用的试验样品尺寸限定条件。     

Effect of alcohol use on accelerating and braking behaviors of drivers

Objective: The present study examines the accelerating and braking behaviors of drivers at different blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) in heterogeneous driving conditions using driving simulator experiments.

Methods: Eighty-two licensed drivers performed simulated driving in a rural road environment designed in the driving simulator at 4 BAC levels: 0.00, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.08%. Driving performance was analyzed using vehicle control variables such as mean acceleration and mean brake pedal force. Generalized linear mixed models were developed to quantify the effect of different alcohol levels and explanatory variables such as driver’s age, gender, and other factors on the driving performance indicators.

Results: Alcohol use was reported as a significant factor affecting the accelerating and braking performance of drivers. The acceleration model results indicated that drivers’ mean acceleration increased by 0.013, 0.026, and 0.027 m/s² for BAC levels of 0.03, 0.05, and 0.08%, respectively. Results of the brake pedal force model showed that drivers’ mean brake pedal force increased by 1.09, 1.32, and 1.44 N for BAC levels of 0.03, 0.05, and 0.08%, respectively. Age was a significant factor in both the models where a 1-year increase in driver age resulted in a 0.2% reduction in mean acceleration and a 19% reduction in mean brake pedal force. Driving experience could compensate for the negative effects of alcohol to some extent while driving.

Conclusions: The findings of the present study revealed that drivers tend to be more aggressive and impulsive under the influence of alcohol, which deteriorates their driving performance. Impairment in accelerating and braking behaviors of drivers under the influence of alcohol leads to increased crash probabilities. The conclusions may provide reference in making countermeasures against drinking and driving and contribute to traffic safety.