A-O工艺污泥疏水比率与污泥活性的关系

通过A-O工艺对印染废水的降解处理,研究了不同污泥活性下微生物疏水比率和COD去除率的变化规律.结果表明,污泥活性指标ATP浓度与微生物疏水性之间存在一定关系,并对COD去除率产生一定的影响.缺氧污泥的活性指标ATP浓度在0.38～0.77 mg/L范围时,污泥微生物的疏水性最好且疏水比率最高值为84％,COD的去除率最高,为70.01％；好氧污泥的活性指标ATP浓度在0.86～2.17 mg/L范围时,污泥微生物的疏水性最好,疏水比率最高值为75％,COD的去除率最高为96.2％.     

Lipid peroxidation in the presence of iron oxides

Exposure to iron oxides dusts may lead to lung cancers among exposed population. To evaluate the involvement of iron‐containing particles in lipid peroxidation by production of reactive oxygen species, hematite, magnetite (iron oxides), and crocidolite (asbestos compound) were tested. The peroxidation was followed by the evaluation of some degradation products of lino‐lenic acid. In a buffered medium, magnetite is higher active than hematite. The addition of an iron chelator (EDTA) or of a reducing agent (ascorbate) in this medium enhances the activity of hematite and magnetite, and the combination of both EDTA and ascorbate increases their activity. Crocidolite is the most active whatever the medium. The appearance of the EDTA‐iron‐oxygen complexes related to the reactivity of these oxides is postulated. These results suggest that the oxidizing activity triggered by hematite and magnetite, in a medium containing an iron chelator and a reducing agent, may lead to damages in biological medium.     

On causes of gigantism in herbaceous plants

Landscape-geochemical features providing for manifestation of gigantism in herbaceous plants have been revealed in natural habitats in the south of Sakhalin and Kunashir islands. Tall herb assemblages have proved to be associated with geochemical landscapes characterized by reducing (gley or hydrogen sulfide) conditions and increased contents of petroleum hydrocarbons and some trace elements (total and movable forms). A hypothesis is put forward that gigantism in herbaceous plants is manifested in zones of active faults, which serve as a kind of conduits supplying endogenous heat, matter, and water to the root systems.     

小型好氧堆肥设备处理有机垃圾

针对我国生活垃圾的特点,提出了厨余等有机生活垃圾单独收集,在产生源头进行好氧堆肥处理。研制了好氧堆肥设备,由加热装置、通风装置、冷凝水收集和回灌装置,以及与该生物堆肥设备配套的生物过滤除臭装置、自控系统和数据采集软件几部分构成。自控系统由氧气、温度、湿度三路传感器以及2个控制器构成,并与加热装置、通风装置连接,能满足物料加热、供氧和散热的要求。本研究通过为期30 d的试运行实验表明,物料快速升温并稳定保持在高温阶段(50～60℃),物料中的氧气浓度保持在14%～16%范围内。在堆肥实验结束时,物料的含水率降至36.4%,有机质含量降至49%,另外,通过好氧速率指标也可判定物料达到腐熟。     

pH、溶解氧、叶绿素a之间相关性研究Ⅱ：非养殖水体

利用国内、外近20年的资料和饮用水水源地潘家口水库现场围隔实验结果,分析非养殖水体中pH、溶解氧（DO）和叶绿素a之间的相互关系。结果表明,当水体处于富营养化状态即叶绿素a平均含量高于10μg/L时,pH、DO与叶绿素a呈显著正相关。当叶绿素a平均含量低于10μg/L时,水体交换强或有机重污染的天然水体中DO与叶绿素a...     

Integrated biological responses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to analyze water quality in regions under anthropogenic influence

This study analyzed water quality in regions around Patos lagoon (Southern Brazil) that are under anthropogenic pressure. Water samples were collected from five different sites, including one used as a source for human consumption (COR) and others known to be influenced by human activities (IP). Danio rerio (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) organisms were exposed for 24 h to these water samples, plus a control group. It was observed that: (1) reactive oxygen species levels were lower in COR and IP than in the control group; (2) glutamate-cysteine ligase (catalytic subunit) expression was higher in COR than in other sites; (3) exposure to all water samples affected long-term memory (LTM) when compared to control group. Thus, some water samples possess the ability to modulate the antioxidant system and to induce a decline in cognitive functions, as measured by LTM. The obtained results indicate that a combination of variables of different organization level (molecular, biochemical and behavioral) can be employed to analyze water quality in impacted regions.     

微波强化Fenton/活性炭工艺处理制药废水的影响因素

为了研究微波强化Fenton/活性炭工艺处理高浓度制药废水的影响因素,以阜新某集团公司生产制药原料排出的废水为研究对象,利用静态实验,采用混凝-微波强化Fenton/活性炭工艺对高浓度制药废水进行实验。实验用水为100 mL、COD为576~1 440 mg/L的制药废水,当活性炭投加量为2 g,H2O2投加量为3/4Qth,pH值为5,微波辐照功率和时间分别为500 W和7 min时,COD去除率可达到92.6%,出水COD在42.6~106.6 mg/L范围内。实验结果表明,活性炭的投加量、H2O2的投加量、pH值、微波辐照功率和辐照时间对微波强化Fenton/活性炭工艺的处理效果影响都较显著。     

氧活性粒子氧化NO生成HNO_3

采用强电离介质阻挡放电方法制取高浓度氧活性粒子(O+2、O3)并注入气体外排烟道中,实现O+2、O3氧化NO转化成资源酸(HNO3)的等离子化学反应。描述强电离放电的氧活性粒子产生器,讨论烟道中O+2、O3氧化NO成HNO3等离子体反应机制,分析回收酸液的NO-2、NO-3离子种类及浓度。考察强电离放电等离子体源的输入功率、水体积百分比、气体温度、气体流速对NOx氧化率的影响。氧化率为97.2%的最佳实验条件是:O+2浓度为1.38×1010个/cm3,O3浓度为210 mg/L,烟气温度为65℃,H2O体积浓度为5.6%,停留时间为0.94 s。     

长江口潮滩沉积物中活性重金属的空间分异及控制机制

利用盐酸羟氨-25%醋酸溶液，提取了长江口潮滩沉积物中活性重金属含量。研究发现，长江口潮滩沉积物中活性重金属占总量的百分含量依次为Cu 26%，Pb 36%，Fe 7%，Mn 49%，Zn 32%，Cr 14%和Al 16%，沉积物基本未受到Cr污染，其余重金属污染程度处于中等偏下水平。除Zn、Cr外，其余活性重金属在夏季沉积物中的含量明显低于春季，其主要原因是夏季风暴潮将大量细颗粒泥沙及其富集的重金属带离潮滩进入了河口水体中。受点源污染排放及沉积物粒度影响，活性重金属在长江口南岸的浒浦、顾路和浦东机场出现峰值含量，且高潮滩含量明显高于中、低潮滩。在垂向上，重金属一般在沉积物表层或亚表层形成富集。在口门附近的滨岸潮滩沉积物中，Cu、Pb的空间分异主要受早期成岩作用的控制，在污染较为严重、水动力作用相对较弱的潮滩沉积物中，Cu、Pb的空间分异主要受沉积物中有机质含量变化的控制.     

红萍净化水产养殖水体的研究

利用红萍(Azolla)对富营养化水产养殖水体进行净化研究。结果表明，红萍能显著增加水体中的DO，增氧幅度随流量在16.88%～70.46%之间变化，随着养殖水体流经的层数增多或者处理的时间延长，红萍对水体的增氧量加大，水中DO最终趋向一个常数值K；同时，红萍对水体中的NH₃-N和TP都有明显的去除效果，NH₃-N去除率随流量在9.86%～38.90%间波动，TP的去除率则随流量的变化在5.80%～38.43%之间波动。可见，红萍是净化水质的良好材料，能有效改善水产养殖水环境。利用红萍净化水体将为解决高密度集约化水产养殖的瓶颈提供新途径，实现水产养殖用水的封闭循环利用。