我国大气腐蚀研究进展(续2)

总结了近几年来我国在大气腐蚀方面的研究现状和进展,尤其是国产、常用、量大、面广的 4大类材料在我国9类主要典型大气环境下的腐蚀数据积累;各类典型材料在典型环境下的大气腐蚀行为规律:大气环境因素对材料大气腐蚀的影响;碳钢、低合金钢大气腐蚀行为预测。特别是根据8 年试验结果总结出的大气腐蚀速度与试验时间之间具有幂函数关系的基础上,又进一步建立了腐蚀速度与合金元素之间的数学模型关系:探讨了采用ACM技术评估大气腐蚀严酷性;初步建立了大气腐蚀数据库．并正进一步采用计算机发展网络查询服务系统,实现科学数据共享;经20余年之研究,撰写了并出版中国材料自然环境腐蚀专著中大气腐蚀篇,还研制和生产了经济耐候钢。     

树脂吸附法处理煤气废水的试验研究

煤气废水是煤气加压气化后的废弃产物,物质成分复杂，是污水处理的难题。树脂法水处理广泛应用在水处理中。依据树脂吸附原理，采用大孔径吸附树脂、超高交联树脂和络合吸附树脂,对煤气废水的处理过程及使用效果进行了一系列试验研究，确定了固定床吸附工艺是煤气废水生化水处理的前提及其经济适用性。     

CrⅥ adsorption on four typical soil colloids: equilibrium and kinetics

It is observed that the adsorption of chromium are greater on kaolinite minerals, red soil (R) and laterite (L) colloids than that on montmorillonite, indicotic black (IB) and yellow brown (YB) soil colloids. The adsorption process of CrⅥ on these media can be further described by Langmuir or Freundlich equation quite well. The adsorption reaction of CrⅥ is fast, and the adsorption equilibrium can be reached within the first two hours in moderate temperature. The adsorption quantity of CrⅥ to kaolinite mineral increased with the increasing pH in the range of 2.0 to 7.0, then decreased at higher pH. But it showed some consistence among the four soil colloids. The lower the pH, the stronger the adsorption. The possible mechanisms are further discussed here. Meanwhile the influence of temperature on CrⅥ adsorption on different soil colloid and clay minerals are also investigated.     

国内外军工材料环境试验现状及发展趋势

介绍军工材料环境试验对提高装备环境适应性的重要作用。从不同的技术方面,分析了国内外军工材料环境试验的现状、发展趋势以及主要差距。从规划的制定、新技术新方法的研发以及信息共享方面,提出设想。提出了目前需要研发新的环境试验、评价、管理方法和需要突破的关键技术。     

铝氧化物-水界面化学及其在水处理中的应用

天然水体中,铝氧化物矿物表面上的吸附等各种反应在很大程度上影响着金属阳离子、无机阴离子和一些天然有机物的迁移转化和归趋.在水处理等工业领域中,铝氧化物由于其水合表面的吸附能力而被用做离子交换剂和催化剂载体.因此,对铝氧化物表面化学过程的研究具有重要意义.铝氧化物-水界面上的反应十分复杂,对各种无机、有机污染物的吸附结合能力取决于氧化物固相表面性质、溶液条件和吸附质的性质.从对铝氧化物表面荷电特性和吸附活性的认识出发,就各种铝氧化物的结构特征和表面反应活性及其在水处理技术中的应用进行了简要综述.     

改性稻草吸附铜离子的动力学机理

研究表明稻草改性后吸附铜离子的能力得到很大提高。研究表明吸附相当好地符合假二级吸附速率模型,测定了在4个温度下(15℃,27℃,37℃,50℃)的吸附速率常数。吸附平衡可用Langmiur吸附模型和Freundlich吸附模型处理。讨论了pH对吸附的影响。     

强化生物吸附法处理生活污水

通过对强化生物吸附反应器的生物培养与驯化、反应时间、强化微生物活性、污泥回流比等因素的研究 ,确立了强化生物吸附工艺的正常运行参数 ,为该工艺的设计提供了理论依据。采用强化生物吸附法处理生活污水 ,可以减少生活污水常规处理的构筑物 ,对COD ,BOD5,SS ,NH3 N均有较好的去除效果 ,适量投加混凝剂可以提高出水水质     

Protozoan colonization on artificial substrates in relation to water quality in a tropical Indian harbour

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Adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid onto hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents

Both bottle-point and column-feeding experiments involving different solutes and sorbents were carried out to investigate the adsorption selectivity and separation performance of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid. Their adsorption isotherms onto such hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents as NDA-100 and NDA-99 could be well described by the Freundlich equations whose characteristics describe extrathermic and favorable adsorption processes. The adsorption towards NDA-100 mainly depended on the π-π interaction, while that towards NDA-99 was extremely influenced by the static-electric interaction. Additionally, the adsorptive capacity of salicylic acid on NDA-99 decreased while it increased on NDA-100 with the presence of 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the adsorptive environment as the competitive component. Comparatively, the adsorption capacity of 5-sulfosalicylic acid decreased on both resins with salicylic acid as the competitive component. In fact, the difference in the interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate resulted in the straight antagonism on the effective adsorption sites on the adsorbent. In conclusion, the adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid onto NDA-100 was obviously larger than that onto NDA-99 with the existence of 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the adsorptive environment. A satisfactory separation and recovery of tested solutes in aqueous phase could be foreseeably achieved by the sequencing adsorption technique involving NDA-100 as well as NDA-99. Translated from Environmental Pollution & Control, 2005, 27(8): 570–574 [译自: 环境污染与防治]     

合成水滑石治理水体阴离子染料污染研究

利用不同层电荷的合成水滑石（层状双氢氧化物）和它们的焙烧态为吸附剂，系统考察了此类材料对于甲基橙染料的吸附保留行为，通过粉末X射线衍射，傅立叶红外和扫描电镜测试说明经水热处理得到的合成水滑石具有良好的结晶度和相纯度．水滑石及其焙烧态对于甲基橙阴离子染料的吸附研究主要采用间歇平衡法实验，吸附体系的电导率变化显示了水滑石的记忆效应，并有可能是焙烧态水滑石再生的动态过程反应低浓度甲基橙在焙烧态水滑石上的吸附实验说明，水滑石层电荷密度对于其焙烧态氧化物吸附低浓度阴离子具有显著的影响。