土壤学与广东持续农业的发展

持续农业是关于建立资源、生态、地力、经济效益等各个方面均可持续发展的农业制度的一种思想．水土流失、土地退化、耕地锐减、环境污染，制约着广东农业的持续发展．土壤学应围绕持续农业开展研究工作．目前应加强土壤生态环境的保护，防治土地退化，提高土壤肥力，保证耕地生产力的持续发展．应开展土壤资源的动态变化研究，为合理开发和利用土壤资源提供科学依据．     

减少农业甲烷排放的技术选择

文章总结了温室气体甲烷的最新研究进展,包括:甲烷对全球变暖的贡献,甲烷的排放机理以及优先研究的领域;估算了我国农业甲烷排放的贡献:中国约占世界人工源甲烷排放量的10.48％,其中农业排放占一半以上;根据实验结果,提出了筛选低排放水稻品种、水分管理、施肥管理、改进饲料、使用添加剂和生长调节剂、改进遗传、促进繁育等减少稻田和反刍家畜甲烷排放的若干技术选择。     

济南市生态环境与资源可持续利用研究

随着全球人口不断增加和经济持续增长,自然环境和资源受到的压力将越来越大.人们面临很多挑战.而这些挑战又与资源、环境、人口、贫困、体制等问题密切相关,它们是涉及当前可持续发展的一系列重大问题.因此,我们必须以这些问题为切入点探讨实现可持续发展的对策.分析济南市生态环境现状和资源利用现状,并找出存在的问题.在此基础上提出济南市生态环境和资源可持续利用的对策措施,对城市的发展提供依据.图2,参7.     

应用GLEAMS模型评估我国东南地区农业小流域硝态氮的渗漏淋失

应用GLEAMS模型估算我国东南亚热带地区农业小流域硝态氮的渗漏淋失.在五川流域8种不同土地利用方式的农田中埋设渗漏监测装置,每月采集水样分析硝态氮含量.用2002年4-12月作物生长季节的实测数据进行模型校验的结果表明,模型对水稻田除外的其他土地利用方式下硝态氮渗漏淋失模拟效果较好.五川流域2002年硝态氮淋失模拟计算结果表明,不同土地利用方式下硝态氮淋失时空差异显著,全年渗漏量(以氮计)为4.64～38.39 kg·hm-2,流域面积加权平均为29.99 kg·hm-2.甘蔗地、香蕉地和蔬菜地的年硝态氮渗漏量最高,渗漏峰值一般出现在7-8月.降雨、土地利用和化肥施用等人类活动是影响硝态氮渗漏淋失的主要因素.     

Integrated shoreline management and tourism development on the cross-border World Heritage Site: A case study from the Curonian spit (Lithuania/Russia)

The varied and very dynamic landscape with a high biological diversity is a distinctive feature of the Curonian spit at the regional scale. Throughout the 20th century the main morphodynamic trend in the littoral of the Curonian spit was shoreline grading on the lagoon side, whereas on the marine side the increasing erosion at the foot of the spit, and increasing accretion at the head of the spit prevailed. The results of a discriminant analysis (Wilkes’ λ = 0.001626 and F = 29.267 when p < 0.001) show that sites with prevailing erosion, accretion and sediment input from the drifting dunes form regular inter-related spatial structures in the littoral with distinctive resulting discontinuities of the sediment drift along the lagoon coast. Dune littoral cells are characterized by Aeolian sediment input and distribution ‘down-drift’, (usually northwards) from the source. The most likely changes in the current development trends of the lagoon shore zone of the Curonian spit are related to expected climate changes and further slowing down of the dune drift. The probability of storms and ice-drift events, and their impact on coasts is expected to increase as a result of climate change. The dune advance will gradually slow down, and with it, the sand input to the coastal zone will decline. In this paper, we define integrated shoreline management as a system of long-term shoreline management measures, which is based on a littoral cell approach and aimed at harmonizing human activity in the coastal zone with the natural development of the shoreline. We propose an integrated management program for the lagoon shoreline of the Curonian spit, which is site-specific for each littoral cell as a coastal management unit. Drifting dunes and seaside beaches are the natural amenities, which are best known and best appreciated on the Curonian spit by 49% of the respondents representing the total Lithuanian population. A responsible tourism development should be considered as the key means for proper appreciation of the drifting dunes and natural coasts by society, which means to acknowledge and cherish the aesthetic and conservation values of dune and coastal landscapes of the Curonian spit as a World Heritage Site. There are at least two pre-conditions for this: (1) to provide visitors with sufficient information about diverse values and functions of the Curonian dunes and coasts within a broader regional and global heritage conservation context; (2) to enable tourists to enjoy the most impressive dune and coastal landscapes at close range. In this paper we propose to encourage active dune tourism, to reintroduce grazing into the Curonian dune areas, to restore and to preserve the most impressive landscapes of the highest white drifting dunes by bringing the blown out sand from the leeward foot of the dunes back to the crest artificially.     

论政府抓农业的重点所在

针对当前地方政府偏重于高利润农业项目，导致“三高”农业重点旁移的现象，阐述政府抓农业重点的必要住，指出其重点在于：（１）抓调查研究，抓政策；（２）抓农业教育与农业科研；（３）抓既带战略性而农民又力所不及和缺乏积极性的项目；（４）抓农技推广机构和队伍．而高利润的农业项目可由市场来调节．并从发展“三高’农业的需要以及当前出现的农民单施化肥的短期行为、人均耕地面积下降、地力下降、丢荒弃耕的情况等方面阐述政府重点抓培肥地力的重要性．     

外源铅铜镉在长三角和珠三角农业土壤中的转化

选择了我国经济发达地区的长江三角洲和珠江三角洲10个代表性农业土壤，采用室内培养和化学分级方法研究了加入外源铅、铜、镉在土壤中的动态变化及转化趋势，探讨了碳酸钙、粉煤灰、猪粪和钢渣等土壤改良剂对土壤重金属形态的影响。结果表明，随着土壤重金属负荷的提高，土壤中交换态重金属的比例增大，残余态比例下降，有效性提高，对环境威胁增大。当重金属加入最较低时，重金属优先向氧化物结合态、有机质结合态转化；而当加入最较高时，向交换态和碳酸盐结合态转化的比例明皿增加。pH和土壤组分对重金属在土壤中的转化有显著的影响，土壤pH下降可使交换态Cd、Cu、Pb的比例递增。加入碳酸钙、粉煤灰、猪粪和钢渣等改良剂可显著地降低土壤中交换态重金属比例，增加其它形态的重金属比例。     

两种评价森林资源生态环境效益计量方法的比较

对评价森林资源生态环境效益的 2种方法进行了比较 ,阐述了这 2种方法的优缺点 ,通过案例分析可知 :森林资源环境效果评价法获得的评价值大 ,而意愿调查法的评价值小 ,并说明了导致这 2种方法评价值不同的原因。     

我国自然保护区生态旅游资源价值实现方式研究

从我国自然保护区所面临的经费困难和开展生态旅游的现状入手 ,概述了生态旅游资源的价值评估法和加拿大国家公园使用者收费情况 ,并探讨了我国自然保护区生态旅游资源价值实现的若干方式     

微电解与Fenton试剂预处理农药废水的试验研究

农药废水是一种典型的高浓度有机工业废水 ,有机污染物浓度高 (CODCr>10 0 0 0mg L) ,可生化性差 (氯苯农药废水BOD5 CODCr=0 .0 3 ,对邻硝基氯苯农药废水BOD5 CODCr=0 .0 5 )。采用微电解和Fenton试剂氧化两种物化手段对菊酯、氯苯和对邻硝氯苯 3种废水按比例配制而成的综合农药废水进行预处理 ,结果表明 :在废水pH为 2— 2 .5时 ,经微电解处理后 ,BOD5 CODCr比值在 0 .45以上 ,可生化性提高 ;Fenton试剂对综合农药废水CODCr去除率为 60 %左右 ,色度去除率接近 10 0 %