好氧与电絮凝组合工艺处理糖蜜酒精厌氧出水研究

采用好氧与电絮凝联合工艺处理糖蜜酒精厌氧出水,考察COD和色度的去除效果.首先,采用SBR工艺去除废水中的易降解污染物.结果表明:采用SBR法处理稀释10倍的糖蜜酒精厌氧出水,适宜的水力停留时间为10 h;COD去除率为42％,脱色效果不明显,BOD5/COD由0.54下降到0.09,好氧出水难以生化降解.进一步采用电絮凝法处理好氧出水,并考察了极板间距、初始pH值、电流密度和电解时间等因素对COD去除及脱色效果的影响.结果表明,在极板间距为3 cm、废水pH=7.83(无须调节,最佳pH=6～8)、电流密度为10 mA/cm2、电解时间为30 min的条件下进行电絮凝处理,与稀释10倍的糖蜜酒精厌氧出水相比,COD总去除率可达86％,脱色率达95％.     

Effects of Dram Shop,Responsible Beverage Service Training,and State Alcohol Control Laws on Underage Drinking Driver Fatal Crash Ratios

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine whether three minimum legal drinking age 21 (MLDA-21) laws—dram shop liability, responsible beverage service (RBS) training, and state control of alcohol sales—have had an impact on underage drinking and driving fatal crashes using annual state-level data, and compared states with strong laws to those with weak laws to examine their effect on beer consumption and fatal crash ratios.

Methods: Using the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, we calculated the ratio of drinking to nondrinking drivers under age 21 involved in fatal crashes as our key outcome measure. We used structural equation modeling to evaluate the three MLDA-21 laws. We controlled for covariates known to impact fatal crashes including: 17 additional MLDA-21 laws; administrative license revocation; blood alcohol concentration limits of.08 and.10 for driving; seat belt laws; sobriety checkpoint frequency; unemployment rates; and vehicle miles traveled. Outcome variables, in addition to the fatal crash ratios of drinking to nondrinking drivers under age 21 included state per capita beer consumption.

Results: Dram shop liability laws were associated with a 2.4% total effect decrease (direct effects: β =.019, p =.018). Similarly, RBS training laws were associated with a 3.6% total effect decrease (direct effect: β =.048, p =.001) in the ratio of drinking to nondrinking drivers under age 21 involved in fatal crashes. There was a significant relationship between dram shop liability law strength and per capita beer consumption, F (4, 1528) = 24.32, p <.001, partial η² =.016, showing states with strong dram shop liability laws (Mean (M) = 1.276) averaging significantly lower per capita beer consumption than states with weak laws (M = 1.340).

Conclusions: Dram shop liability laws and RBS laws were both associated with significantly reduced per capita beer consumption and fatal crash ratios. In practical terms, this means that dram shop liability laws are currently associated with saving an estimated 64 lives in the 45 jurisdictions that currently have the law. If the remaining 6 states adopted the dram shop law, an additional 9 lives could potentially be saved annually. Similarly, RBS training laws are associated with saving an estimated 83 lives in the 37 jurisdictions that currently have the laws. If the remaining 14 states adopted these RBS training laws, we estimate that an additional 28 lives could potentially be saved.     

气相色谱法测定环境空气中异丙醇研究

建立了用气相色谱法测定环境空气中异丙醇的方法。环境空气中异丙醇以蒸馏水吸收,用(DB-624)弹性石英毛细管柱分离,直接进样分析,氢火焰离子化检测器检测。本方法以时间定性,峰面积定量,对实际样品进行分析,其异丙醇加标回收率为94.9%~104.5%,当采样体积为40 L,异丙醇最低检出质量浓度为0.05mg/m3。本方法前处理简便,分离度好干扰少,分析灵敏度高,不使用有机试剂以减少环境污染,满足环境分析要求。     

AJIC工艺处理木薯加工废水研究

采用AJIC工艺对木薯淀粉、变性淀粉、木薯酒精生产废水进行综合处理。结果表明:COD、BOD5和SS的去除率均高达99%,进水水质指标及水量处理后的废水水质可达到《农田灌溉水质标准》(GB 5084-2005)水作标准,符合国控重点污染源污染减排要求。此外,该工艺还同时实现对木薯废渣和污泥进行处理,可生产沼气595.2万立方米/年,有机肥400吨/年,实现直接经济效益422.9万元/年,具有较高的经济、环境和社会效益。     

C/N比对嗜酸细菌X-29产氢能力及其酶活性的影响

C/N比影响细菌的物质和能量代谢,为了提高产氢细菌的产氢效能,通过间歇产氢实验和酶活性分析方法,分析了在不同C/N比下嗜酸产氢细菌X-29的产氢能力以及氢化酶和乙醇脱氢酶的活性表达情况.研究结果表明,C/N比对产氢细菌的代谢及其相关酶的表达有显著的影响.虽然在不同C/N比下单位生物量的液相末端发酵产物差异不大,但是产氢能力存在显著的差异,当C/N比为14时产氢细菌X-29具有最大累积产氢量2 210.9mL/g.在不同C/N比下氢化酶的表达活性不同,氢化酶活性随着发酵的进行达到高峰后迅速降低,氢化酶的表达周期较短.乙醇脱氢酶活性随着代谢进程逐渐升高后而趋于平稳,不同C/N比时表达活性差异较小,表达周期较长.在C/N比为14时,氢化酶和乙醇脱氢酶的活性最高,分别为2.8μmol·(min·mg)^-1和33.2μmol·(min·mg)^-1.     

F-T合成技术生产替代燃料对环境的影响及对策

主要介绍了F-T合成柴油的特性，阐述了其作为清洁能源的优越性；利用生命周期清单分析方法，比较了以煤、生物质及天然气为原料采用F-T合成技术生产替代能源的工艺路线前提下，在提取生产、转化精炼、运输分配、最终用途燃烧、全部燃料链各阶段温室气体排放情况，提出了温室气体的减排对策。     

Improved method for the formation of recycled resins from depolymerized products of waste fiber-reinforced plastics: simple and effective purification of recovered monomers by washing with water

The synthesis of recycled plastics from recovered monomeric materials obtained from the depolymerization reaction of fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) was examined. The depolymerization reaction of FRP in the presence of N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) smoothly yielded the corresponding monomers, which mainly consisted of dimethyl phthalates. The polymerization reaction with this monomer failed to form the corresponding unsaturated polyesters due to contamination by N-methyl-4-pyridone, a decomposition product of DMAP. An efficient purification of the recovered monomer was achieved by washing with water, and the purified monomer successfully yielded the corresponding polymers. A hardness test revealed that the polymers were as hard as the polyester made from virgin materials. The present modification provides a practical method for the preparation of recycled plastics from depolymerized plastics.     

控制温室效应的战略选择

尽管人类对温室效应和全球变化的认识还是很不充分的，但是继续拖延不采取措施是危险的，采取对抗温室效应和全球变化的措施是行不通的。只有在继续进行全球性科学研究的同时，积极寻求适应一定程度全球变化的措施，并立即着手减少温室气体的排放才是唯一明智的态度。化石能源是人类社会生存和发展的基础，既使用化石能源，又不排放二氧化碳是不可能是。首要的任务是减少化石能源的使用。     

酒精废水治理中二级厌氧的应用与研究

本文对酒精废水治理中二级厌氧的应用进行了分析与研究,提出了高温厌氧和低温厌 氧相结合的二级厌氧新工艺。为酒精废水治理提供了一条稳定可靠、节能低耗的工艺路线。     

环己烷氧化副产物的综合利用

叙述了环己烷氧化时的副产物－轻质油的组成，性质，以及从中回收正戊醇和氧化环己烯的工业方法，介绍了这2种回收产品的应用及市场前景。