藻干酪根X射线衍射特征及其与油气生成的关系

通过对加水热模拟实验中藻干酪根X射线衍射（XRD）特征的分析．探讨了其XRD谱图的演化特征、结构参数间的关系及其与油气生成的关系。研究结未发现，藻干酪根的XRD参数间均具良好的相关性，与干酪根的H／C原子比也都具有较好的相关关系，可作为有效的热演化指标，其中以Fa和D002最好。该藻干酪根开始生油时对应的Fa和D002分别为0．35和3．8A,生油高峰时对应的Fa和D002分别为0．50和3．65A。     

广东大亚湾藻类水华的动力学分析Ⅰ. 藻类水华的生消过程及其与环境因子的关系

1998年广东大亚湾澳头海域先后发生日本星杆藻(Asterionellajaponica)水华(01-24～02-23)、细弱海链藻(Thalathiosirasubtilis)水华(04-08～04-20)、裸甲藻(Gymnodiniumspp.)水华(04-29～05-08)、角毛藻(Chaetocerosspp.)水华(05-11～05-20)。本文研究了水华期间藻类的生消过程及其动态变化,并分析环境因子在水华形成和消亡过程中的作用和机制。研究结果显示稳定、适宜的水温是水华形成的必要条件,水温的急剧改变是水华消散的重要原因。海水盐度的大幅度波动与水华的消散密切相关。连续的低光照对藻类有诱导作用,而不同的藻类对光照强度的需求和反应并不完全相同。     

微囊藻毒素研究进展

蓝藻水华使水的感官性状恶化，水体自净能力降低，其中的蓝绿藻会产生对健康有潜在威胁的微囊藻毒素，是淡水水体中危害最大的一类。就国内外近年来对微囊藻毒素的毒理、危害和流行病学等方面的研究作一综述。     

南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游水华的影响及对策研究(Ⅰ)——汉江水华发生的关键因子分析

为了评估南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游水华的影响,在广泛现场监测、资料收集、调查论证工作的基础上,应用水动力学模型和富营养化动力学模型对汉江水华发生的成因和关键因子进行了分析。汉江水华发生的主要原因有3个:汉江中游进入城区的排污量日趋增大,藻类等生物所需的氮、磷等营养物质严重过量(此乃根本原因);汉江水枯同时长江水位增高使汉江流速变缓,产生类似于湖泊的水流特性;春季气温偏高。在已满足藻类生长需求的营养条件下,流量和流速是制约汉江水华发生的关键(敏感)因子,南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游水华的影响将主要体现在水文因子上。     

高效藻类塘氮磷去除机理的研究进展

首先介绍了高效藻类塘的发展历史和特点，其次简述了高效藻类塘的生物特性和物理化学变化规律，并重点论述了高效藻类塘的氮磷去除机理及其影响因素，最后对高效藻类塘在控制非点源污染中的应用前景进行展望。     

蛋白核小球藻与邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的相互作用研究

本文运用评价化学品对藻类毒的标准方法，得出邻苯二甲酸二甲酯对蛋白核小球藻的９６ｈ ＥＣ５０为３１３ｍｇ／ｌ。实验结果表明，蛋白核小球藻对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯有明显的富集与降解作用，富集量２４ｈ最大达１５．３６ｍｇ／ｇ，此后随时间的延长而逐步降低。５ｄ降解率为６６．８％。在对实验结果分析的基础上，提出了蛋白核小球藻对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的二级降解反应动力学方程为－ｄｃ／ｄｔ＝ＫＮｒ，用此方程计算邻苯二甲酸二     

ALGAL BLOOM PROBABILITY IN A LARGE SUBTROPICAL LAKE1

ABSTRACT: Algal blooms, defined as chlorophyll α concentrations greater than 40 μg l^?1, are common in Lake Okeechobee, Florida. Using logistic regression techniques, we have developed equations that relate limnological variables to algal bloom occurrence in four distinct open-water regions of this large shallow lake: central pelagic, northwest, southwest, and a transition region between the western and pelagic regions. Wind velocity and total phosphorus, which are closely related to resuspended material in the central region, are negatively related to algal bloom occurrence there. In the transition region, algal bloom occurrence is positively related to total nitrogen and wind velocity. Algal bloom occurrence is strongly and positively related to total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in the western regions. The logistic regression model predicts an algal bloom probability greater than 95 percent in the northwest region when total phosphorus exceeds 0.10 mg l^?1 and total nitrogen exceeds 2.5 mg l^?1. In the southwest region the model predicts algal bloom probability of 100 percent when total phosphorus exceeds 0.10 mg l^?1 and total nitrogen exceeds 2.8 mg l^?1. Given 1994 mean total phosphorus concentrations of 0.05 and 0.04 mg l^?1 in the northwest and southwest regions, respectively, total nitrogen would have to remain below 1.32 and 1.43 mg l^?1, respectively, to keep the algal bloom probability below 10 percent. Because the lake is heterogenous, such nutrient standards should be considered on an in-lake regional basis for Lake Okeechobee.     

Interrelations of Epibiontic Microalgae and Crustacean Zooplankton under Conditions of a Blooming Eutrophic Water Body

The possibility of symbiotic, mutualistic (++) interrelations between epibiontic microalgae (Characidiopsis ellipsoidea, Colacium vesiculosum) and cyclopoids (Cyclops vicinus, Mesocyclops leukarti) in the Bugach recreational reservoir with a bloom of cyanobacteria is demonstrated. Overgrown cyclopoids, compared to those free from microalgae, have advantages in oxygen supply, which may be insufficient in the period of intensive algal bloom. Calculations have shown that oxygen requirements of cyclopoids may be fully satisfied due to C. vesiculosum photosynthetic activity in the dysphotic zone if the density of overgrowth exceeds 1000 algal cells per individual. There is no significant correlation between the natural mortality of crustaceans and the indices of their overgrowth by microalgae.     

电化学氧化技术对藻源性湖泛的降解效果

为探索电化学氧化技术降解藻源性湖泛的可行性和实施效果,选取太湖藻华发生水域的浓缩藻类在室内稀释后,于高温黑暗条件下腐烂形成湖泛水样. 用钛基阴阳极板于24 V额定电压、100 W额定功率的变压器下在室内进行降解,并分别设置3个试验组和1个对照组. 结果表明:反应51 h后ρ(Chla)从初始的2 909.87 μg/L降至72.02 μg/L,降解率达97.6%;悬浮物〔OSM(有机悬浮物)、ISM(无机悬浮物)、TSM(总悬浮物)〕、含氮污染物〔TN、TDN(溶解性总氮)〕、COD_Mn、DOC(溶解性有机碳)的降解率分别为40.8~94.7%、37.4~58.9%、78.8%、40.1%;电化学氧化法对水体有机物的降解效果好,而短期内水体藻类污染物的自降解能力较为微弱. 电化学氧化法能有效去除湖泊水体中的藻类污染物,并且极板功率较小、反应时间短.      

pH对藻类生物膜脱氮除磷的影响研究

在室温(25±2)℃和4 000 lx的连续光照条件下,分别以斜生栅藻、水华鱼腥藻为实验藻种,附着固定于立体弹性载体上形成藻类生物膜,研究不同p H对2种藻类膜生长状况及脱氮除磷能力及方式的影响。结果表明:斜生栅藻和水华鱼腥藻藻类膜生长最适p H均为9;2种藻类膜分别在p H为8和9时EPS产量、磷去除率最大,EPS产量分别为48.50×10-2,48.22×10-2g/m2,磷去除率分别为95.24%和94.71%;p H为10时,2种藻类膜对氨氮有最大去除率,分别为98.96%、97.93%;藻类膜对磷的去除在p H≤7时以同化吸收为主,当p H>7时同化吸收与化学沉淀共同作用;藻类膜对氨氮的去除在p H<8时以同化吸收为主,当p H≥8时同化吸收与化学挥发共同作用。