生活垃圾焚烧炉渣湿法处理工艺技术剖析

我国生活垃圾清运量已经超过1.8亿t/a。焚烧处理作为减量化的有效手段,已经在全国范围内普遍推广。生活垃圾焚烧后会产生焚烧量20%~25%的炉渣。国内焚烧发电项目全部投产后,预计每年将产生超过2 000万t炉渣。炉渣的及时稳定消纳成为保证生活垃圾焚烧发电项目顺利运行的关键。目前,国内对炉渣的处理主要采取湿法方式,在水的冲击作用下,实现铁、铜、锌等有价金属的回收,分选后的炉渣制备再生砌块。但湿法处理存在铝流失、水耗高、占地面积大、污泥污水产量大、再生砌块易开裂等问题,所以探索新型炉渣处理工艺技术迫在眉睫。     

大掺量工业废渣普通硅酸盐水泥

利用工业 废渣煤 矸石、液态 渣、磷渣 、锰渣、磷 石膏生产 ４２５ Ｒ 型普 通硅 酸盐 水泥。 水泥 中工业废 渣的掺 量 达 ３５ ％ 以 上， 其 ３ ｄ 平 均 抗 压 强 度 达 到 了 ２ ６５ Ｍ Ｐａ ，２８ｄ 平 均 抗 压 强 度 达 到 了５２４ Ｍ Ｐａ 。该项技 术值得推 广借鉴     

TBP-泡塑填料柱萃取回收铁钍渣浸出液中钍的研究

将ＴＢＰ固定在改性泡塑载体上，用于萃取回收铁钍渣硝酸浸出液中Ｔｈ４＋。试验表明：ＴＢＰ泡塑填料萃取分配比高，萃取容量大，当溶液硝酸浓度为４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，接触时间１０ｍｉｎ时，萃余液中Ｔｈ４＋浓度小于００１ｍｇ／Ｌ，反萃液中Ｔｈ３＋浓度达８４ｇ／Ｌ，Ｆｅ３＋和Ｃｅ３＋浓度小于０１ｍｇ／Ｌ，萃取容量为ＴＢＰ泡塑填料１ｇ可萃取Ｔｈ４＋０２８ｇ；ＴＢＰ泡塑填料化学性质稳定，分相容易，能有效防止乳化现象。     

因巴法水渣系统应用及评价

因巴法水渣技术在目前国内高炉生产中得到广泛应用。就此技术改造经验，从四个方面即，设备完好率与除尘率及同步运转率、粉尘作业职工尘肺发病率和尘肺发病年龄、作业场所粉尘浓度、防尘技术措施的经济效益，阐述了水渣系统的先进性能，并通过环境监测进行综合评价。     

用富硫尾矿制取砌筑材料的实验研究

运用X射线衍射、红外光谱和扫描电镜等微观测试手段 ,进行了高炉矿渣在与富硫尾矿共存的试样中水化反应情况的考察 ,以及试样机械强度等宏观性质的检测 ,为制取砌筑材料确定出了激发剂种类、养护时间、最佳配方和生产工艺条件。最后制得了含富硫尾矿砂 87% ,抗压强度大于 5 8MPa的砌筑材料。为富硫尾矿的无害处理及环境保护提供了新途径     

TBP-泡塑填料柱萃取回收铁钍渣浸出液中钍的研究

将ＴＢＰ固定在改性泡塑载体上，用于萃取回收铁钍渣硝酸浸出液中Ｔｈ４＋。试验表明：ＴＢＰ泡塑填料萃取分配比高，萃取容量大，当溶液硝酸浓度为４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，接触时间１０ｍｉｎ时，萃余液中Ｔｈ４＋浓度小于００１ｍｇ／Ｌ，反萃液中Ｔｈ３＋浓度达８４ｇ／Ｌ，Ｆｅ３＋和Ｃｅ３＋浓度小于０１ｍｇ／Ｌ，萃取容量为ＴＢＰ泡塑填料１ｇ可萃取Ｔｈ４＋０２８ｇ；ＴＢＰ泡塑填料化学性质稳定，分相容易，能有效防止乳化现象。     

Heavy metal migration in soils and rocks at historical smelting sites

The vertical migration of metals through soils and rocks was investigated at five historical lead smelting sites ranging in age between 220 and 1900 years. Core samples were taken through metal-contaminated soils and the underlying strata. Concentration profiles of lead and zinc are presented from which values for the distances and rates of migration have been derived. Slag-rich soil horizons contain highly elevated metal concentrations and some contamination of underlying strata has occurred at all sites. However, the amounts of lead and zinc that have migrated from soils and been retained at greater depths are comparatively low. This low metal mobility in contaminated soils is partly attributed to the elevation of soil pH by the presence of calcium and carbonate originating from slag wastes and perhaps gangue minerals. Distances and rates of vertical migration were higher at those sites with soils underlain by sandstone than at those with soils underlain by clay. For sites with the same parent material, metal mobility appears to be increased at lower soil pH. The mean migration rates for lead and zinc reach maxima of 0.75 and 0.46 cm yr^–1 respectively in sandstone at Bole A where the elements have moved mean distances of 4.3 and 2.6 m respectively. There is some evidence that metal transport in the sandstone underlying Bole A and Cupola B occurs preferentially along rock fractures. The migration of lead and zinc is attenuated by subsurface clays leading to relatively low mean migration rates which range from 0.03 to 0.31 cm yr^–1 with many values typical of migration solely by diffusion. However, enhanced metal migration in clays at Cupola A suggest a preferential transport mechanism possibly in cracks or biopores.     

小黄磷生产企业磷矿渣的综合利用

某县化工厂小黄磷矿渣＾２２６Ｒａ比活度较高，＾２３２Ｔｈ及＾４０Ｋ比活度相对偏低。用于生产农用硅肥投资较小，不会造成放射性污染；用于生产磷渣硅酸水泥投资较大，但也不会造成放射性污染；用于生产废渣砖投资不大，利用率高，但有一定放射性污染风险。     

环保型高效胶结材——高炉渣微粉的制造与应用

本文介绍了高炉渣微粉的性质、特点、生产工艺及粉磨设备的选择和应用前景分析。     

从工业废料制取化学建材石膏的研究

研究了以造纸白泥、电石渣及工业废硫酸为原料化学建材石膏的原料二水石膏的工艺条件和影响因素，同时采用废水闭路循环回用工艺流程，防止二次污染的产生。实验表明，将废渣配成１０％浓度的浆液与低浓度废硫酸进行反应，控制一定的反应时间及终点ＰＨ值可制得含量达９０％以上的优质二水石膏。