DBD反应器关键操作参数对2,4-二氯酚去除的影响

采用同轴喷雾式介质阻挡放电(DBD)反应器处理2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)模拟废水,考察了水质、废水流量、载气流量、放电频率等关键操作参数对2,4-DCP去除的影响。自来水中的CO₃^2-/HCO₃^-能够中和生成的硝酸/亚硝酸(载气含N₂),同时也能清除放电过程中产生的自由基,因而不利于2,4-DCP的去除。在DBD反应器的操作参数中,载气流量对于活性组分的产生及气相到液相的传质有显著影响,是最为关键的操作参数。反应器操作参数的变化会影响放电过程。同轴式反应器和废水雾化对污染物的矿化有利。在废水流量50 mL/min、载气流量15 L/min、放电频率17 kHz的最佳条件下处理60 min,2,4-DCP和TOC的去除率分别为69.77%和31.85%。     

吸附存储-间歇放电法氧化甲苯的反应过程研究

以SBA-15为催化剂,对比连续降解法和吸附存储-间歇放电法净化低浓度甲苯的活性,结果表明吸附存储-间歇放电法下甲苯去除率、碳平衡和CO2选择性更高.运用GC-MS分析了2种降解方式催化剂表面中间产物随时间的变化,苯甲醛进一步氧化分解进而打开苯环,是等离子体催化降解甲苯的控制步骤.对比SBA-15、Mn/SBA-15、Ag/SBA-15、AgMn/SBA-15 4种催化剂在吸附存储-间歇放电法下降解甲苯的活性.结果显示Ag和Mn的引入加速了对2-庚烯醇的氧化催化,AgMn/SBA-15表现出最好的碳平衡、CO2选择性.     

氧化铝熟料窑粉尘的特性和电收尘技术的应用

分析了氧化铝熟料粉尘的特性,介绍了中国铝业公司山尔分公司氧化铝熟料窑窑尾电收尘的改造情况及电收尘本体的结构特点。     

污水处理厂低温等离子体恶臭治理技术

利用低温等离子体技术处理污水厂恶臭气体,是一种新的技术。介绍了该技术处理恶臭的机理和相关工程的工艺流程以及处理效果,实际应用表明该技术对污水处理厂恶臭气体的治理是十分有效的。     

Gliding arc plasma processing for decomposition of chloroform

The decomposition of chloroform (CHCl₃) diluted in air was studied. The experiment was carried out by using a gliding arc plasma. Different values of initial concentrations of chloroform, total gas flow rates, and input power frequencies have been used to investigate this effects on the conversion reaction products both qualitatively and quantitatively. Experimental results indicate that the maximum conversion of chloroform was 97% at a total gas flow rate of 180?L?h^?1 containing 1% chloroform. Using air as carrier gas, decomposition of CHCl₃ produces CCl₄, CO₂, CO, and Cl₂ as the main products. Small amounts of HCl and COCl₂ are also detected. Liquid products were also produced.     

Automated indirect fluoride determination by ICP-OES using discontinuous-flow analysis

An automated method for the indirect determination of fluoride by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry using discontinuous-flow analysis has been developed. A modified flow injection analysis system was used for sample preparation. The method is based on the determination of excess cerium(III) ion after precipitation of CeF₃. Separation of the precipitate is performed online on a syringe membrane filter that is cleaned each analysis cycle by 1 M nitric acid, ensuring a long life-time for the filter. As a result of the short reaction time, a detection limit of 9.5 mg L^?1 was obtained. The precision (RSD) of the proposed method is 1.02% at fluoride concentration of 28 mg L^?1. The applicability of the technique for groundwater monitoring of fluoride-contaminated area is demonstrated.     

Assessment of potentially toxic elements in Swiss chard and sediments of Akaki River,Ethiopia

For the determination of 15 potentially toxic elements (V, Cr, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Sn, Hg, and Pb) in plant and sediment samples of the Akaki River, Ethiopia, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry, and a RA-915+ mercury analyzer were applied. Sediment and plant samples were mineralized using a closed-vessel microwave-assisted digestion system. The elemental concentrations varied considerably in plant and sediment samples. The minimum concentration was observed for known toxic elements (As, Hg, and Cd) while the highest concentration was observed for the elements of relatively low toxicity Zn, Mn, and Fe. The concentration of Cr, Fe, Pb, Zn, and As in Swiss chard surpassed the maximum permissible levels at specific sites. At some of the sites, the sediment quality guidelines are surpassed for Cu, Zn, and Pb.     

介质阻挡放电反应器中的二硫化碳降解特性

为了解CS₂(二硫化碳)在介质阻挡放电反应器中的降解特性,提高其去除率,设计并制作了同轴圆柱介质阻挡放电反应器,研究了介质层数、外施电压、中心电极材料及直径、背景气氛种类和RH(相对湿度)对CS₂去除率的影响. 结果表明:在外施电压(4.0～6.5kV)较低时,单介质反应器的CS₂去除率高于双介质反应器;而在外施电压(6.5～9.0kV)较高时,双介质反应器对CS₂的去除效果更好,增大外施电压有利于CS₂的降解. 铜丝比不锈钢丝更适合用作反应器的中心电极,此外,增加中心电极的直径也可提高CS₂去除率. 当中心电极直径从 3.2mm增至4.8mm时,CS₂平均去除率由63%增至75%,但平均质量能耗由510kJ/mg增至611kJ/mg. 同等条件下,CS₂在氧气中的平均去除率(74%)最大,空气(59%)中次之,氮气(48%)中最小;背景气氛中适量的RH(26%)有助于提高CS₂去除率,但RH太大(大于50%)反而会降低CS₂去除率.      

等离子工艺与H_2O_2联合处理酸性橙Ⅱ溶液的研究

对气液两相滑动弧等离子与H2O2联合处理酸性橙Ⅱ溶液进行了研究。结果表明:两者具有明显的协同效应,可减少等离子放电时间,提高了降解效率。质量浓度为300 mg/L的酸性橙Ⅱ溶液,加入体积分数为0.48～0.96 mL/L的H2 O2(30%),循环降解2次的脱色率在92%以上。当加入过氧化氢的体积分数是1.92 mL/L时,循环降解1次脱色率为93.32%。而且降解后的溶液随着放置时间的延长,脱色率进一步降低;且放置8 h时,降解率下降最明显。     

Treatment of Dichloromethane Using Gliding Arc Plasma

Decomposition of dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂) using a gliding plasma was examined and reported in this paper. The effects of initial concentrations of CH₂Cl₂, total gas flow rates, and input frequency have been studied to evaluate the performance of gliding arc on CH₂Cl₂ decomposition. Using atmospheric pressure air as the carrier gas, experimental results indicate that the maximum conversion of CH₂Cl₂ was 95.1% at a total gas flow rate of 180 L/hr containing 1% by volume of CH₂Cl₂. The reaction occurred at an exothermic condition and gaseous products are dominated by CO, CHCl₃, and Cl₂. CO₂ and CCl₄ are also detected in the product stream in small amounts. The conversion of CH₂Cl₂ increases with the increasing applied voltage and decreasing total gas flow rate.