核基因组在细胞质雄性不育中的作用研究：背景与现状

细胞质雄性不育 (ｃｙｔｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃｍａｌｅｓｔｅｒｉｌｉｔｙ ,ＣＭＳ) ,表现为小孢子发育异常、不能产生花粉或花粉败育 ,但卵细胞发育正常、可接受外来花粉而正常结实 ,系母性遗传 ,即细胞质遗传[1～ 4 ] .ＣＭＳ的重要性 ,首先表现为在农业生产上的巨大经济应用价值[2～ 4 ] .杂种优势的发现和利用为粮食生产带来了革命 ,但杂种种子的生产过程却是很繁杂的 ,核心是要阻止母本的自花授粉结实、保证母本植株上所结的种子全部是杂种 ,即种子的纯度很高才能保证农业生产上的应用 .ＣＭＳ ,由于其不能产生可育的花粉 ,即无自花授粉结…     

钒酸银改性二氧化钛制备及其可见光光催化性能研究

通过水热法将钒酸银掺杂负载到二氧化钛上,制备了一种新型改性二氧化钛复合光催化剂.利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和紫外-可见光漫反射技术对催化剂进行了表征,以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,考察了该催化剂在可见光下的光催化活性、稳定性等,探讨分析了反应机理.结果表明,可见光下该催化剂降解亚甲基蓝的反应过程符合一级反应动力学,其降解速率常数为0.009min-1,是二氧化钛P25的3倍,且3次回收利用后降解率仅下降4.8%,仍具有较高活性.钒酸银与二氧化钛形成耦合异质结,在可见光照射下,光生电子由钒酸银导带传到二氧化钛导带上,空穴则聚集在钒酸银价带上,产生的h+、·OH等是降解亚甲基蓝的主要物质,电子与受体的结合是反应的限速步骤.     

改性废报纸纤维对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附研究

利用环氧氯丙烷与三甲胺对废报纸纤维进行改性制备阴离子吸附材料(CWNF),通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、热重分析(TGA)、比表面积(BET)对改性前后废报纸纤维进行表征,并研究其去除水中六价铬离子Cr(VI)的性能.结果表明,改性后废报纸纤维(CWNF)对Cr(VI)的吸附能力显著提高.当CWNF投加量为1g/L,溶液pH为1时,对100mg/L Cr(VI)的最大吸附量为38.66mg/g,平衡时间为60min,比改性前废报纸纤维(WNF)的吸附量(24.18mg/g)提高了59.88%.Langmuir与Freundlich等温吸附方程均能较好地描述CWNF对Cr(VI)的吸附特性,吸附动力学更符合拟二级速率方程.     

有机胺对CO2吸收解吸的研究

利用常压搅拌吸收-解吸装置,在不同温度和浓度条件下,对MEA(乙醇胺)、DEA(二乙醇胺)、MDEA(N-甲基二乙醇胺)、TETA(三乙烯四胺)、DETA(二乙烯三胺)5种有机胺吸收解吸CO2进行研究.探讨了反应温度、吸收液浓度、有机胺种类对CO2吸收和解吸过程的影响规律,并利用正交试验法筛选出性能较好的混合胺复配剂.结果表明,当TETA/DEA=5:1,吸收温度为318K,解吸温度为388K时,混合胺具有较优的吸收解吸综合性能.     

半焦脱硫剂的制备及其H2S脱除性能

利用废弃褐煤半焦原料作为炭基材料前驱体,经表面改性处理后制备高效脱硫剂,用于脱除原料气中的少量H2S杂质.经改性处理后,改性半焦的比表面积显著提高,形成丰富的织网结构,灰分和挥发分减少,固定碳含量增加,表面酸/碱性官能团含量也随着改性处理过程发生明显变化.采用固定床反应器和模拟气体考察脱硫剂的脱硫性能,结果表明,原料褐煤半焦基本没有脱除H2S的能力.改性处理后,随着改性半焦物化性质的改善,脱硫能力迅速提高穿透时间达95 min.负载铁氧化物有利于进一步增强其脱硫性能,穿透时间提高到1095 min;温度、氧含量和水含量等因素对脱硫性能的影响也非常显著.     

Tailoring the simultaneous abatement of methanol and NOx on Sb-Ce-Zr catalysts via copper modification

● Cu addition enhances CH₃OH oxidation and alleviates its inhibitory effect on SCR. ● Cu addition improves the activation of SCR reactants in the presence of methanol. ● Damaged structure by more Cu addition decreases specific surface area and acidity. ● Excessive Cu addition would lead to the narrowing of SCR temperature window. Simultaneously removal of NO_x and VOCs over NH₃-SCR catalysts have attracted lots of attention recently. However, the presence of VOCs would have negative effect on deNO_x efficiency especially at low temperature. In this study, copper modification onto Sb_0.5CeZr₂O_x (SCZ) catalyst were performed to enhance the catalytic performance for simultaneous control of NO_x and methanol. It was obtained that copper addition could improve the low-temperature activity of both NO_x conversion and methanol oxidation, where the optimal catalyst (Cu_0.05SCZ) exhibited a deNO_x activity of 96% and a mineralization rate of 97% at 250 °C, which are around 10% higher than that of Cu free sample. The characterization results showed that copper addition could obviously enhance the redox capacity of the catalysts. As such, the inhibition effect of methanol incomplete oxidation on NO adsorption and NH₃ activation were then lessened and the conversion of surface formamide species were also accelerated, resulting in the rising of NO_x conversion at low temperature. However, excessive copper addition would damage the Sb-Ce-Zr oxides solid solution structure owing to Cu-Ce strong interactions, decreasing the surface area and acidity. Meanwhile, due to easier over-oxidation of NH₃ with more Cu addition, the temperature window for NO_x conversion would become quite narrow. These findings could provide useful guidelines for the synergistic removal of VOCs over SCR catalyst in real application.     

废水汽提装置的改造

南阳石蜡精细化工厂在对催化裂化装置的废水汽提系统进行分析、论证的基础上,对其进行了改造,增加了焚烧炉、旋流器、换热器、将汽提塔筛孔塔盘更换为鲍尔环填料等。改造后,废水汽提系统运行平稳,同时熄灭了火炬,增大了废水处理能量,节约了废水处理成本,总排口废水水质达到国家一级排放标准。     

Gas-initiation under UV and liquid-grafting polymerization on the surface of polysulfone hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane by dynamic method

Using the inner-surface of polysulfone hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes as grafted layer, the method of gas-initiation and liquid-polymerization has been studied, which aimed to adjust the diameter of the pores in the membranes. The degree of polymerization varied with the changes of the parameters, such as irradiation time, monomer concentration, temperature and time of polymerization and so on. The results indicated that using benzophenone(BP) which is in a gaseous condition as photo-initiator, acrylamide as graft monomer, the polyacrylamide chain was grafted on the surface of membranes. After the surface membrane being modified, the water flux and retention altered, and thus it can be seen that the diameter of the pores in the membrane was altered. These experiments contribute to finding a new way to produce the hollow fiber membrane with the small pore size and are extraordinarily worth developing and studying.     

经丁二酮肟修饰的改性皂土对废水中镍的吸附

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)对皂土改性,用丁二酮肟(DMG)对其表面修饰,并制备了新型固态吸附剂.研究了该吸附剂对水中Ni2+的吸附行为.结果表明,该固态吸附剂对水中Ni2+具有较强的吸附能力.吸附量受介质pH值、温度和吸附时间的影响.其吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和HO准二级动力学方程,吸附焓变(△H)为58.759kJ/mol,各温度下,吸附自由能变(△G)均＜0,熵变(△S)均＞0,该吸附反应为吸热的自发过程.吸附了Ni2+的丁二酮肟修饰改性皂土,可用0.1mol/L的HNO3溶液洗脱再生.     

新型胺化介孔炭的制备及其对Pb(II)的吸附

采用微波辅助磷酸活化制备了高中孔率蔗渣基介孔炭,并通过硝酸氧化和乙二胺聚合在其孔道内修饰了含氮多胺基团,探索了溶液浓度、温度、吸附剂剂量等对改性介孔炭的Pb(II)吸附性能、行为和热力学特性的影响.结果表明,蔗渣基介孔炭较宽的孔道结构可通过乙二胺缩水聚合反应在其表面接枝酰胺、仲胺等含氮基团;胺化改性增强化了介孔炭对水溶液中Pb(II)的固定作用,改性后介孔炭对Pb(II)的吸附量高达180mg/g,是改性前介孔炭的1.5倍;改性介孔炭对Pb(II)的去除率显著增加,对溶液浓度<60mg/L的Pb(II)去除率接近100%.等温吸附与热力学数据表明,胺化改性介孔炭对Pb(II)的吸附位能量存在差异化,吸附是自发的吸热反应过程,温度对铅(II)离子吸附有促进作用,化学作用在吸附过程中发挥了重要作用.