太湖流域上游河网污染物降解系数研究

污染物在河流中物理、化学和生物过程的共同作用下浓度会发生衰减,衰减的速率可用表观降解系数表示,其中,仅有生物过程引起污染物浓度衰减的速率用生物降解系数表示.为了探究太湖流域上游河网污染物的降解规律,在20个采样点开展原位实验测算了高锰酸盐指数、氨氮(NH+4-N)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的表观降解系数和生物降解系数,并分析了生物降解系数占表观降解系数的比重.结果表明,太湖流域上游河网高锰酸盐指数、NH+4-N、TN和TP的表观降解系数分别为0.0216~0.1974、0.0152~0.3123、0.0080~0.7870和0.0274~0.5914 d~(-1);生物降解系数分别为0.0083~0.1264、0.0021~0.2138、0.0021~0.0905和0.0110~0.1528 d~(-1).高锰酸盐指数、NH+4-N、TN和TP生物降解系数与表观降解系数的比值分别为19.35%~91.30%、13.85%~99.12%、13.70%~97.78%和3.94%~98.39%.太湖流域上游河网不同河段的表观降解系数和生物降解系数存在较大差异.生物降解在TN和NH+4-N表观降解中发挥的作用较大,在高锰酸盐指数和TP表观降解中发挥的作用相对较小.     

人工湿地生物沸石快速吸附-再生性能与再生机理研究

在填充生物沸石和石灰石的强化硝化模拟人工湿地中,考察了生物沸石快速吸附-再生动态平衡性能和生物沸石再生的机理.研究结果表明,生物沸石模拟人工湿地中硝化作用明显,产生的氧化态氮主要为硝氮,平均浓度为106.31 mg·L~(-1)(大于吸附去除的氨氮浓度).模拟人工湿地出水中的金属阳离子主要为Na+和Ca~(2+),30 d后Ca~(2+)浓度大于Na+浓度.生物沸石的再生是离子交换释放氨氮和微生物协同作用的结果.石灰石缓慢释放的Ca~(2+)可促进生物沸石再生,生物沸石与石灰石投加量的最佳质量比为5∶1.生物沸石再生过程中,微生物起主导作用.     

总氨氮在餐厨垃圾厌氧消化系统中的积累及其抑制作用

为研究总氨氮(TAN)在餐厨垃圾中温干式厌氧消化系统内的积累及抑制作用,在单相完全搅拌式(CSTR)反应器内进行餐厨垃圾中温厌氧消化,反应器在3 g·L-1·d-1(以VS计)的负荷下连续运行230余天,期间不断监测TAN及其余物化指标的变化.试验结果表明,TAN在系统内的积累呈现先快后慢的趋势,且不会持续积累,而是积累到一定程度后会保持稳定.游离氨(FAN)是氨抑制中起主导作用的因素,FAN大于150 mg·L-1时就会影响到系统效率;大于200 mg·L-1时会影响系统稳定性;大于300 mg·L-1后会产生强烈抑制,引发稳态型抑制,甚至导致系统出现泡沫.此外,氨抑制会影响系统产气动力学,导致产气速率降低,产气量减少.寻找合理的措施消除氨抑制对保障系统稳定运行具有重要意义.     

蓄热式热氧化炉处理涂布有机废气可行性分析研究

智能节能膜生产的涂布干燥过程中产生大量有机废气,主要污染因子是乙酸乙酯、丁酮等,通过对蓄热式热氧化炉运行原理及对涂布干燥产生的有机废气处理效率的介绍,举例计算去除有机废气过程中天然气消耗量和燃烧天然气产生的二次污染物氮氧化物的量,同时介绍多种常用有机废气处理方法的原理,并对多种有机废气的处理效率、主要优点、缺点等对比,从经济、技术角度对蓄热式热氧化炉处理智能节能膜涂布干燥有机废气的可行性进行分析.     

生物质活性炭辅助微波处理氨氮废水研究

以花生壳为原料,分别使用程序控温法和微波法制备生物质活性炭.采用高分辨电子扫描电镜(SEM)和氮吸脱附曲线对花生壳活性炭进行了表征.结果表明,微波法制备的花生壳活性炭比表面积大于程序控温法制备的花生壳活性炭比表面积,且微波法制备活性炭成本远低于程序控温法.将制得的两种活性炭和商用活性炭分别辅助微波处理氨氮废水,确定了生物质活性炭辅助微波处理氨氮废水的最佳条件.初步讨论了活性炭辅助微波处理氨氮废水的机理.     

INVESTIGATIONS ON NUTRIENT FACTORS LIMITING PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY IN TWO CENTRAL VIRGINIA PONDS1

ABSTRACT. Laboratory and field studies were initiated to evaluate at regular intervals by ¹⁴C and chlorophyll enrichment bioassay some of the nutrients, particularly ammonia, that might limit phytoplankton photosynthesis in two central Virginia ponds. Preliminary comparisons of the phytoplankton, their production, and the chemical characteristics of the water were determined. Ammonia, phosphate, nitrate, iron, carbon dioxide, silica and chloride differed most markedly among the various nutrients analyzed. Investigations were continued to compare the validity of using field and laboratory ecosystem work to predict changes in trophic levels resulting from nutrient enrichment, i.e., eutrophication. Laboratory experiments using aquatic microecosystems and field experiments employing in situ plastic cylinders and battery jars support the view that ammonia is a key factor regulating “trophic” features in these two ponds.     

氨法烟气脱硫技术的工艺研究

采用亚硫酸铵作为吸收剂,对模拟烟气进行氨法烟气脱硫实验。考察了进口烟气温度、吸收液pH值、吸收液浓度、液气比对脱硫效率的影响,并对亚硫酸铵的氧化问题进行了研究。实验结果表明：进口烟气温度与脱硫效率成反比关系;吸收液pH值、吸收液浓度与脱硫效率成正比关系;吸收液pH值大于6.3、浓度大于1%时,氨逃逸随着二者的增大而增多...     

Nitrification performance of nitrifying bacteria immobilized in waterborne polyurethane at low ammonia nitrogen concentrations

Suspended and waterborne polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria have been adopted for evaluating the e ects of environmental changes, such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and pH, on nitrification characteristics under conditions of low ammonia concentrations. The results showed that nitrification was prone to complete with increasing pH, DO and temperature. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the e ects of temperature and pH on nitrification feature of suspended bacteria were slightly greater than those of immobilized nitrifying bacteria. Immobilized cells could achieve complete nitrification at low ammonia concentrations when DO was su cient. Continuous experiments were carried out to discuss the removal of ammonia nitrogen from synthetic micropollute source water with the ammonia concentration of about 1 mg/L using immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets in an up-flow inner circulation reactor under di erent hydraulic retention times (HRT). The continuous removal rate remains above 80% even under HRT 30 min. The results verified that the waterborne polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets had great potential applications for micro-pollution source water treatment.     

两种ZSM-5沸石分子筛吸附水中氨氮的研究

考察了两种硅铝比分别为25及50的ZSM-5沸石分子筛对水中氨氮的吸附性能及影响因素.研究表明,25℃时,25H及50H型沸石的吸附平衡时间分别为10 min和35 min,吸附等温线均符合Langmuir经验模型,25 H型分子筛的饱和吸附容量较大,为7.83 mg/g,50H型分子筛为4.36 mg/g.当吸附剂投...     

沸石吸附氨氮辅助鸟粪石法去除养猪废水营养物质

利用镁盐为沉淀剂,以鸟粪石沉淀的形式去除养猪废水中的氮、磷,同时采用天然斜发沸石吸附法来提高氨氮的去除效果,以及曝气吹脱CO2方式提高溶液的pH值.考察了沸石投加量、镁盐投加量、曝气时间及初始pH等因素对氨氮和磷酸盐去除效果的影响.结果表明,对于原养猪废水(pH=7.51),在沸石投加量为0.5 g/L,Mg/P摩尔比...