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31.
Caffrey JM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,81(1-3):207-219
Primary production, respiration, and net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) are useful indicators of ecosystem level trophic conditions within estuaries. In this study, dissolved oxygen data collected every half hour between January 1996 to December 1998 by the National Estuarine Research Reserve System Wide Monitoring Program were used to calculate primary production, respiration, and net ecosystem metabolism. Data from two sites at each of 14 Reserves were analyzed. On average, three quarters of the data available could be used to calculate metabolic rates. Data from two of the Reserves were used to evaluate the assumption of homogeneity of water masses moving past the oxygen sensor. Temperature was the single most important factor controlling metabolic rates at individual sites, although salinity was also important at about half the sites. On an annual basis, respiration exceeded gross primary production demonstrating that all but 4 of the 28 sites were heterotrophic. 相似文献
32.
In most natural ecosystems heterotrophic microorganisms encountercomplex mixtures of carbon sources, each of which is present at aconcentration of few micrograms per litre. This study examined the biotreatability and kinetics of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor to complex mixtures of chlorophenols encountered in environmental conditions using on-line and off-line experimental studies. Results indicate that (1) steady-state concentration was quite lower (98.3 mg L-1) with complex mixture of chlorophenols than steady-state concentration achieved when only 2.4 dichlorophenol (124 mg L-1) was studied alone on the same reactor; (2) that toxiceffects of chlorophenols increase with increasing concentrationsof toxicant. (Onset of the inhibitory effect occurred at a lowerconcentration in multi-substrate than in single substrate utilization); (3) addition of alternative utilizable substrate can mitigate toxic effects and enhance degradation; (4) the relative concentration of substrate was critical in determiningutilization patterns. HPLC analysis of off-line experimental samples resulted in a steady-state treatment efficiency of68% for COD, 36% for 2-hlorophenol, 40.5% for 4-chlorophenol, 70.7% for 2,4-dichlorophenol, 53.2% for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 42% for pentachlorophenol in presence of glucose. Kinetic constant in terms of V
max and K
s were determined. K
s for the five chlorophenols ranged between 0.016 and 0.117 kg m-3 day-1 while V
max ranged between 0.056 and 0.244 kg m-3 day-1. 相似文献
33.
The degradation of several biodegradable polymers was measured as a result of exposure to an anaerobic medium. The polymers investigated included materials based upon polylactic acid, polylactone, and poly(hydroxy butyrate/valerate) as well as those incorporating starch-based materials. The degradation was monitored by methane and carbon dioxide evolution. In addition, the physical and chemical changes were noted as a result of exposure. These measurements included changes in mass, dimension, and molecular weight. FTIR, UV-vis, proton, and13C NMR spectra were also recorded prior to and after exposure. The results clearly indicated that several biological and chemical degradation processes were occurring with the biodegradable polymers studied.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Second National Meeting, August 19–21, 1993, Chicago, Illinois.Issued as NRCC No. 37549. 相似文献
34.
35.
高温嗜粪菌的选育和猪粪发酵研究 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
筛选得到了8株嗜高温(55℃)嗜粪细菌,均具有较强的发酵猪粪能力。加入所选育菌株进行的猪粪高温(55℃)固体好氧发酵实验发明,24h内可将猪粪发酵成无臭味、深褐色的稳定和无害化产物,常温下长时间放置也不会产生腐败和臭味。此发酵产物的氮试验法结果显示,猪粪已发酵至表观成熟和稳定化,可作为进一步制取优质有机复合肥料的良好前体物。 相似文献
36.
通过对姑山矿生产现状的调查研究,确定审计重点为选矿车间,分析了选矿车间存在的问题,提出了清洁生产方案,对方案实施后的经济效益作了分析。 相似文献
37.
A new procedure of determining optimal C/N (the rate of carbon source to nitrogen source) of mixed distillers' grains for combined bacteria synergic fermentation is established. At the same time an improved method evaluating bacteria growth, called method of dry cell weighing by filtering is developed. For each combination of C and N , their initial and residual contents before and after fermentation respectively are determined. Then followed the calculation of utilization of C and N sources by the compound bacteria. The optimal C/N is finally located from among the utilization of C and N of several combinations and the weight of produced mass of oven-dried thallus The conditions of fermentation are: inoculum size 10%, temperature 30.0℃, rotational speed 170 r/min, shake culture time 48h. The best results obtained from orthogonal experiments are: maximum mass of oven dried thallus is 14.693g in a liter liquid medium, maximum utilization rate of carbon source is 98.13% and maximum utilization rate of nitrogen is 78.14%. Optimal C/N is 5.1. 相似文献
38.
生命周期评价在企业清洁生产中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
企业清洁生产是解决环境污染问题的重要手段。利用生命周期评价思想对企业的生产过程进行全面分析与评价,做好企业清洁生产的审计工作。 相似文献
39.
广州市32种水产品的Se含量特征分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过酸消解,原子荧光-氢化物发生法测定了广州市部分市售水产品中Se的含量,由标准物质(GBW 08551猪肝)和回收率控制检测质量.结果表明,不同水产品中Se含量有较大差异,含量范围为(34.-1117.)×10-9,平均含量为(345.±149.)×10-9,不同类型水产品中Se含量变化特征是:甲壳类(544.±107.)×10-9>海水鱼类(392.±86.)×10-9>软体类(244.±89.)×10-9>淡水鱼类(238.±97.)×10-9. 相似文献
40.
针对来福灵生产及排污现状,提出清洁生产方案,实施效果显著,COD产生总量削减53.7%,废气、废渣实现零排放,原材料消耗大幅度下降,年增收229.84万元。 相似文献