离子色谱法快速分析污水中的无机阴离子研究

采用Dionex ICS-900型离子色谱仪对污水中氟离子、氯离子、亚硝酸根离子、硝酸根离子、硫酸根离子等五种阴离子进行测定。在戴安公司提供的色谱条件的基础上,对其进行了修改和改进,实验对淋洗液组分、浓度和流速进行了筛选,使方法的分析效能大大提高,达到了快速分析的要求。按改进后的色谱条件,五种阴离子的分离度达到了3.06,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于1.533%。并且,对有标准值的样品进行质量控制考核,结果表明各离子的测定结果均在考核范围之内。     

Antimony(V) removal from water by hydrated ferric oxides supported by calcite sand and polymeric anion exchanger

We fabricated and characterized two hybrid adsorbents originated from hydrated ferric oxides(HFOs) using a polymeric anion exchanger D201 and calcite as host. The resultant adsorbents(denoted as HFO-201 and IOCCS) were employed for Sb(V) removal from water. Increasing solution pH from 3 to 9 apparently weakened Sb(V) removal by both composites, while increasing temperature from 293 to 313 K only improved Sb(V) uptake by IOCCS. HFO-201 exhibited much higher capacity for Sb(V) than for IOCCS in the absence of other anions in solution. Increasing ionic strength from 0.01 to 0.1 mol/L NaNO3would result in a significant drop of the capacity of HFO-201 in the studied pH ranges; however, negligible effect was observed for IOCCS under similar conditions. Similarly, the competing chloride and sulfate pose more negative effect on Sb(V) adsorption by HFO-201 than by IOCCS, and the presence of silicate greatly decreased their adsorption simultaneously, while calcium ions were found to promote the adsorption of both adsorbents. XPS analysis further demonstrated that preferable Sb(V) adsorption by both hybrids was attributed to the inner sphere complexation of Sb(V) and HFO, and Ca(II) induced adsorption enhancement possibly resulted from the formation of HFO-Ca-Sb complexes. Column adsorption runs proved that Sb(V) in the synthetic water could be effectively removed from 30 μg/L to below 5 μg/L(the drinking water standard regulated by China), and the effective treatable volume of IOCCS was around 6 times as that of HFO-201, implying that HFO coatings onto calcite might be a more effective approach than immobilization inside D201.     

碱性树脂吸附碳酸氢盐水溶液中甲酸的研究

采用静态法测定了5种树脂对碳酸氢钾溶液中甲酸的交换吸附量，其中，D293强碱性阴离子交换树脂具有最高的交换吸附量，考察了温度对D293树脂交换吸附量的影响。在30℃条件下，利用静态法测定了甲酸在D293树脂上的吸附等温线，在低的甲酸浓度范围内，Langmuir方程比Freundlich方程能更好地描述树脂对甲酸的吸附；同时，测定了甲酸在D293树脂上的穿透曲线。     

混床在电厂除盐水处理中的设计探讨

结合天津第一热电厂给水处理技改工程,对利用河水处理后用于锅炉补给水除盐工艺中混床的原理和操作运行作了具体分析,对混床设计中需注意的事项进行了探讨,为电厂除盐水处理设计运行提供参考.     

电催化降解废水中阴离子表面活性剂的研究

本文以十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠为研究对象,在最佳的物理化学条件下,利用紫外光谱、红外光谱和气相色谱-质谱联用等仪器分析和化学分析的方法研究了电催化降解新技术去除废水中阴离子表面活性剂的机理.实验结果表明.在羟基自由基(@OH)的氧化分解作用下,十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基碘酸钠先降解为丁烷,最终均矿化为CO2、H2O和SO42-.     

氨水还原剂在燃煤锅炉SCR脱硝中的应用

目前氨水作为脱硝还原剂用于燃煤锅炉SCR脱硝国内尚未普遍使用，尤其在大机组上的应用经验较少。通过对实际应用案例的分析，总结了运行经验，为氨水还原剂在大机组SCR的脱硝应用提供参考。     

Experimental investigation into performance of integrated hotbox in 1-kW solid oxide fuel cell system

An experimental investigation is performed to evaluate the performance of an integrated hotbox in a 1-kW solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system fed by natural gas. The integrated hotbox comprises all the main balance of plant components of an SOFC system, i.e. afterburner, reformer, and heat exchanger, and it not only reduces the physical size of the system but also yields improved system efficiency. The experimental results show that under optimal operating conditions, the combined H₂ and CO content of the reformate gas is approximately 70%, while both anode and cathode in-gas temperatures are around approximately 750°C.     

MIEX树脂在饮用水预处理中的应用研究

本文采用一种新型的MIEX磁性离子交换树脂对某水厂原水进行预处理,考察了MIEX树脂用量与后续混凝工艺对原水的浊度、有机物、无机阴离子的去除效果。结果表明,MIEX技术可有效地去除原水中的有机物,对UV254和CODMn的去除率分别稳定在90%和59%。MIEX树脂对无机阴离子也有很好的去除效果,对SO24-的去除率一般为80%以上,NO3-为50%以上。但MIEX树脂对低浊水的去浊效果一般,同时MIEX预处理可以有效强化混凝沉淀对有机物的去除。     

克百威光催化降解动力学的研究

采用TiO2光催化技术对克百威的降解进行了研究,并系统地考察了催化剂用量,溶液初始pH值,底物浓度,活性氧物种和各种阴阳离子对其降解动力学的影响.用Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型对克百威的光催化降解进行了研究,结果表明,克百威在弱碱性条件下降解速率最快,×OH对克百威降解贡献比约为93.4%,h+和其他ROSs的贡献则相对较小.而水溶液中的阴离子BrO3-和S2O82-对克百威的光催化降解有促进作用,I-则有明显的抑制作用,并且水溶液中的K+,Ca2+,Na+,Mg2+和Cu2+等金属阳离子对克百威的降解也均体现了一定程度的抑制作用.     

不同阴离子对水溶性磷酸盐稳定污染土壤中重金属的影响

在重金属污染土壤中加入磷酸盐是稳定重金属的有效方法.本研究的目的是探讨不同阴离子对水溶性磷酸盐稳定污染土壤铅、镉和锌的影响.在重金属复合污染土壤(全铅、镉和锌的含量分别为2337、21.4和391 mg·kg^-1)中按P:Pb=2:1 (mol:mol)加入磷酸二氢钙,之后按P:阴离子=3:1或3:2 (mol:mol)加入盐酸、氯化钠、硫酸、硫酸钠或氟化钠,并设置只加磷酸盐、不加其它试剂的对照,培养55 d,之后测定土壤性质.结果表明,与对照相比,HCl处理、2HCl处理、NaCl处理和2NaCl处理土壤DTPA-Pb含量下降比例依次为5.72%、9.29%、6.38%和8.80%(p<0.05),加入硫酸、硫酸钠的处理土壤DTPA-Pb含量与对照无显著差异(p>0.05),而加入氟化钠的处理升高4.70%(p<0.05).加入盐酸或氯化钠的处理土壤镉有效性显著高于对照(升高5.24%~12.8%)(p<0.05),其它处理对DTPA-Cd含量无显著影响(p>0.05).各处理对土壤DTPA-Zn含量和pH影响较小,但均引起土壤电导率明显升高.以上结果表明,氯离子可促进水溶性磷酸盐对土壤铅的稳定,但可促进镉有效性.氯磷酸铅的生成是加氯情况下磷酸盐稳定铅的重要机制.