离子交换树脂静态吸附二甲胺的研究

通过静态吸附实验,研究了二甲胺在ZGSPC106型细颗粒树脂上的吸附行为,从热力学和动力学角度对吸附过程进行了分析,并用红外光谱的方法探讨了树脂吸附二甲胺的机理.结果表明,Langmuir等温方程能够很好的拟合吸附平衡数据,热力学参数表明该吸附可自发进行,且为熵增加的吸热过程,293K温度下树脂的静态饱和吸附容量为138.89mg/g(干树脂);吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,颗粒扩散是树脂吸附二甲胺速率的主要控制步骤.     

福建近岸表层海水中阴离子表面活性剂和PCB的污染

用亚甲蓝分光光度法和GC-ECD法分别对福建近岸表层海水中的阴离子表面活性剂和PCBs进行了分析,初步探讨了表层海水中这两类污染物的来源.表层海水中阴离子表面活性剂浓度范围为0.04～1.987 mg/L,较高浓度值站点主要位于九龙江口、闽江口和湄洲湾海域.PCBs的浓度在3.9～367.1 ng/L之间,整体上近岸站点浓度值比离岸站点高,中北部浓度值比南部高.与其他地区的研究结果及海水水质标准进行比较,福建沿海表层海水中阴离子表面活性剂和PCB的污染都较为严重.     

树脂负载Fe3+/Cu2+多相类芬顿降解染料橙黄

制备了新型多相类Fenton催化剂(Fe3+cu2+)/R(Fe3+和cu2+同时负载于离子交换树脂),以橙黄Ⅳ为研究对象,探讨了初始过氧化氢浓度、橙黄Ⅳ浓度、催化剂量、初始pH值及温度等因素对催化反应速率的影响,并对该催化剂重复使用性能进行测试.研究结果表明,该催化剂(Fe3++Cu2+)/R与Fe3+/R相比表现出更好的催化过氧化氢分解的活性,使橙黄Ⅳ的降解率提高10%;催化过氧化氢氧化橙黄Ⅳ的反应遵循假一级反应动力学,反应活化能为10.71 kJ·mol-1;催化剂表现出良好的重复使用性能,Fe3+和cu2+在树脂表面负载比较牢固,具有较好的稳定性和耐用性.同时,电子顺磁共振(EPR)测试结果表明,cu2+的掺杂能有效地促进OH·的产生;X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试结果表明,反应过程中存在高价态铁物种.因此,在该体系反应过程中产生的活性物种是OH·和高价态铁同时共存.     

Dynamic contact angle effects on gas-liquid behaviors in the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with stirred tank reactor design

Liquid water management is still a critical issue in the improvement of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance. In this work, for the first time, the liquid water behavior and transport inside the cathode of a PEMFC with a stirred tank reactor (STR) design, rather than the conventional PEMFC flow channel design, are numerically studied. The dynamic contact angle (DCA) is applied to multiple wall boundaries in the numerical model through a user-defined-function (UDF) code, i.e., STR-DCA model. Another numerical model with the static contact angle (SCA) and same operating conditions, i.e., STR-SCA model, is also developed for comparison. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is employed in the simulation to track the gas-liquid interface. The results show that the liquid water distribution and transport are significantly different between these two models, indicating the remarkable effects of DCA on the simulation results. It is also verified the capability of STR-PEMFC to reduce the liquid water flooding, showing the potential of this channel-less type fuel cell in the further development.     

A new look at the psychological contract during organizational socialization: The role of newcomers' obligations at entry

Previous studies have demonstrated that the psychological contract is largely shaped during socialization. This study adopts a complementary perspective and analyzes how the psychological contract at the start of employment shapes the subsequent socialization process. Drawing upon social exchange theory, we propose that newcomers with a higher sense of their personal obligations at entry will perceive orientation training as more useful and develop better relationships with their supervisors and peers, which in turn will facilitate their work adjustment. Results of a longitudinal survey on a sample of 144 recruits from a European Army show that newcomers with a higher initial sense of their employee obligations toward their employer report higher perceived training utility, higher leader–member exchange (LMX) with their instructors, and higher team–member exchange (TMX) with their platoon peers. Moreover, perceived training utility and LMX predict the fulfillment of employers' obligations; and training utility predicts the level of newcomers' employee obligations. Finally, training utility, LMX, and TMX predict some of three indicators of newcomers' adjustment, namely, role clarity (training utility and LMX), group integration (TMX), and organizational values understanding (training utility). These results highlight how newcomers' obligations at the start of employment contribute to the social exchange dynamic underlying organizational socialization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

烟台夹河河口海水混合过程的地球化学特征研究

海(咸)水混入是河口河水重要的地质过程,深刻地影响河水地球化学过程。本文系统采集夹河河口水样,分析海淡水混合过程的地球化学特征。结果表明,远离河口段(J10~J14)为淡水性质,主要受水-岩作用及人类活动等影响;近河口段(J1~J8)海水混入严重,F~-、Cl~-、Br~-、SO~(2-)_4、Na~+、K~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、盐度等明显较高,主要受海水混入影响。近河口段存在Na-Ca离子交换过程,约占Na~+总量的0.9%~1.5%,离子交换量随海水混入比例增加而增加,Na~+离子交换量与K~+,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Br~-、F~-、SO~(2-)_4离子交换量相关,且河水离子含量与盐度回归系数略低于与盐度、Na~+交换量回归系数,表明河口段河水离子交换影响河水地球化学特征。     

集成仿真技术在空间光学遥感器设计中的应用

研究空间光学遥感器集成仿真中将光学、机械、热、控制等学科综合考虑的技术,从系统层面考虑各学科对光学性能指标的影响。综述了目前国外比较先进的光学遥感器集成仿真分析方法,主要包括以JWST为代表的STOP学科软件数据交互法和以NGST为代表的DOCS状态空间法,详细阐述了这些方法的集成方法和建模思路。集成仿真技术的实施开展可以减小产品概念设计和方案阶段论证周期,为总体指标的制定提供可靠依据。集成仿真是空间光学遥感器多学科优化的前提,深度集成和子系统协同仿真是未来的发展趋势。     

Community reactions to tourism development: how does governmental fairness work?

Based on the elements of social exchange and organizational justice theories, a conceptual model and associated hypotheses were formulated to examine the relationship among community residents and their perceptions of governmental fairness (i.e., distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational dimensions), social capital (i.e., cognitive and structural dimensions), and support for government and environmental development. Data were collected from 496 residents in four Korean cities: Busan, Gyeongju, Pohang, and Ulsan. Empirical testing resulted in support for multiple hypotheses. More specifically, cognitive social capital was significantly influenced by distributive, interpersonal, and informational fairness. Structural social capital was significantly affected by distributive and informational fairness. Subsequently, two dimensions of social capital positively influenced two types of support. Overall, the results suggest that the interplay of governmental fairness and social capital is important in influencing residents’ support for government and environmental development.     

氧化亚氮在森林和草原中的地-气交换

采用箱式法,建立了一套完整的测定森林草原土壤Ｎ２Ｏ排放方法,并对我国北方的自然环境中Ｎ２Ｏ排放作了观测,得出其最大排放通量为２３μｇ／（ｍ＾２·ｈ）。并发现森林草原土壤当温度低于１５℃时对Ｎ２Ｏ有吸收行为,其最大吸收通量为１８．９８４μｇ（ｍ＾２·ｈ）。     

水中阴离子表面活性剂的测定

偶氮红两相滴定法在ｐＨ＝７．５的条件下,能测定水和废水中的各种阴离子表面活性剂的摩尔浓度。本文通过对硫酸盐、磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、肥皂和磷酸盐等各类阴离子表面活性剂的测定,以及干扰试验和实际水样测定,表明此法优于亚甲基蓝分光光度法。方法的变异系数为１．０％（ｎ＝１１）,最小检出浓度０．０５２ｍｇ／Ｌ（ｎ＝２１）,加标回收率９２．１％－１１０．２％,平均１００．６％（ｎ＝１４）。建议水中阴离子表面活性剂