暗光缺氧条件下微囊藻的存活及胞内物质释放

蓝藻水华爆发期间,沉降至底泥-水界面的蓝藻会面临暗光缺氧胁迫.为研究沉降蓝藻的存活及释放物,模拟暗光缺氧条件,利用不同生长期的微囊藻进行了一系列的实验.结果表明,微囊藻可以在暗光缺氧条件下存活至少6d,释放的溶解性有机碳达到1.86mg C/mg Chl a.不同生长期对微囊藻的存活和释放物产生影响,其中培养55d的微囊藻存活时间最长,培养28d的微囊藻溶解性有机碳的释放量最高.本研究证实暗光缺氧条件下,微囊藻能够存活一段时间并释放有机碳,且存活时间和有机碳释放量与微囊藻生长期相关.     

MnO2催化O3处理准好氧矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中难降解有机物

研究利用MnO₂催化O₃氧化技术对准好氧矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中难降解有机物进行处理.系统研究了臭氧投量、二氧化锰投量和初始pH值对有机物的去除效果和反应动力学.通过UV-Vis和3D-EEM技术对渗滤液尾水中溶解性有机物分子结构在O₃/MnO₂体系的转化进行了探究,在此基础上,运用XRD、SEM、EDS和XPS对二氧化锰的催化机理进行研究.结果表明：在反应时间为20min,O₃投量为18.92mg/min,初始pH值为3时,添加0.2g/L的MnO₂能显著提升有机污染物的去除能力,较单独O₃作用,其COD、UV₂₅₄、色度CN的去除率分别提升了24.66%、4.95%和12.57%,并且生色团的有机物最易被臭氧氧化降解.紫外-可见光谱和三维荧光显示,O₃/MnO₂体系能使废水中腐殖质降解,其有机物的芳香性程度、分子量和缩合度均降低,体系对苯环类化合物的降解效率提高,最终,废水的可生化性得到显著提高.与此同时,反应前后MnO₂未出现新增价态峰值的变化,Mn（Ⅳ）在催化过程中占主导地位,MnO₂在O₃/MnO₂体系中协同机理为MnO₂催化O₃产生羟基自由基以及MnO₂在体系中转化为水合二氧化锰,改变催化剂表面理化性质与有机物形成复合物,以此促进羟基自由基的选择性,从而提升了难降解有机物的去除效果.     

水解酸化/AO组合工艺处理印染废水色度去除与脱氮性能

偶氮染料是一种具有稳定化学结构的活性染料,排放至环境中会损害人体健康和影响水生生物生长.利用水解酸化/AO组合工艺处理含偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B(RR2)的印染废水,重点考察了色度去除和脱氮性能.组合工艺可有效去除色度、化学需氧量(COD)和氨氮,去除率分别为71. 0%、92. 2%和83. 5%.水解酸化反应器中主要偶氮染料降解菌为Desulfovibrio; AO反应器中硝化菌主要为Nitrospira,反硝化菌为Thauera和Dechloromonas.水解酸化温度从25℃提高至35℃,色度去除率提高141. 2%; 25℃时COD浓度从200 mg·L~(-1)提高至800 mg·L~(-1),色度去除率提高208. 9%. AO反应器出现亚硝酸盐积累现象,亚硝化率为73. 8%.染料RR2对硝化没有抑制作用,而苯胺会抑制硝化;当苯胺浓度超过6mg·L~(-1)时,氨氮氧化速率最低.     

铁锰原位氧化产物吸附微量磷的实验

采用小试生物滤池,分别考察了铁和锰离子原位过滤氧化产物吸附去除水中微量磷酸根的特性,并结合SEM/EDS/BET/Zeta电位等分析手段解析了二者对磷酸根的吸附机制.结果表明,铁或锰离子在滤层内氧化的同时,其氧化产物均对磷酸根具有吸附作用;进水铁或锰的去除量与磷酸根的吸附量呈正相关线性关系,其吸附关系分别为106.28μg·mg-1和77.98μg·mg-1.SEM/EDS/BET的分析结果表明,富铁氧化物和富锰氧化物的比表面积分别为96 m2·g-1和67 m2·g-1,前者主要以小颗粒形态在滤层空隙间积累,而后者则以层状或片状形式披覆于滤料表面;反冲洗过程不影响锰氧化过程对磷酸根的吸附,而对铁氧化除磷过程具有促进作用.Zeta等电点和阴离子竞争吸附结果表明,富铁和富锰氧化物吸附磷酸根后,Zeta等电点p H均降低,二者对磷酸根的吸附过程以内层配合吸附作用为主,且氯离子、硫酸根、硝酸根离子对磷酸根的竞争吸附作用影响较弱,属于特异性吸附.     

Aerobic N2O emission for activated sludge acclimated under different aeration rates in the multiple anoxic and aerobic process

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is a potent greenhouse gas that can be emitted during biological nitrogen removal. N₂O emission was examined in a multiple anoxic and aerobic process at the aeration rates of 600 mL/min sequencing batch reactor (SBR_L) and 1200 mL/min (SBR_H). The nitrogen removal percentage was 89% in SBR_L and 71% in SBR_H, respectively. N₂O emission mainly occurred during the aerobic phase, and the N₂O emission factor was 10.1% in SBR_L and 2.3% in SBR_H, respectively. In all batch experiments, the N₂O emission potential was high in SBR_L compared with SBR_H. In SBR_L, with increasing aeration rates, the N₂O emission factor decreased during nitrification, while it increased during denitrification and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). By contrast, in SBR_H the N₂O emission factor during nitrification, denitrification and SND was relatively low and changed little with increasing aeration rates. The microbial competition affected the N₂O emission during biological nitrogen removal.     

高温生物滤塔处理污泥干化尾气的研究

利用高温生物滤塔处理污泥干化产生的尾气,气体处理量为2 700~3 100 m~3·h~(-1),停留时间为21.88~25.10 s,研究启动期和稳定运行的运行效果.生物滤塔能有效去除干化尾气中的SO_2、氨以及挥发性有机物,去除率分别达到100%、93.61%以及87.01%.微生物分析结果显示,生物滤塔内形成稳定的生物系统,填料和溶液中生长一定量的细菌和硫细菌.主要功能种群包括类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus sp.,螯台球菌Chelatococcus sp.,芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp.,梭菌Clostridium thermosuccinogerws,假黄单胞菌Pseudoxanthomonas sp.,地芽孢杆菌Geobacillus debilis.大部分为脱氮、脱硫或者降解挥发性有机物的嗜热菌.     

Removal of VOCs emitted from p-xylene liquid storage tanks by a full-scale compost biofilter

A full-scale compost biofilter system (CBS) was built to treat vapor losses emitted from three analogous vertical fixed roof p-xylene (p-X) liquid storage tanks of 7500 m³ total working volume. The CBS showed a stable and efficient treatment of standing loss (L_S) and working loss (L_W) with an average removal efficiency of 95.4% through 18-month standing storage and filling operation of the tanks. The weight of activated carbon employed in the concentration buffer influences the CBS performance for L_W treatment under high organic loads. The daily average pressure drops across biofilter bed displayed very low with a maximum of 7.6 mm-H₂O. This reflects that the CBS can be operated without stress and compression of biofilter bed and thus reduce maintenance frequency. No additional inputs of chemicals and fuels along with low electricity and water usage helped in its prolonged operation and increased its cost effectiveness. These advantages make the CSB become a promising control technology of vapor losses emitted from fixed roof organic liquid storage tanks.     

限量曝气进水时间对硝化颗粒污泥的影响特性研究

缺氧-好氧环境的交替循环对氨氧化细菌和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌具有重要影响.本研究通过逐渐增加限量曝气进水时间(从10 min至120 min)延长缺氧时段,考察柱形SBR中硝化颗粒污泥对不同缺氧-好氧环境交替循环的响应特性.整个研究过程中,硝化颗粒污泥保持着稳定的颗粒特征,粒径大于0.8 mm的颗粒污泥占总污泥量的质量分数始终在95%以上,颗粒平均沉降速率维持在125～130 m·h-1之间.尽管缺氧时段不断延长,但NH+4-N去除率和NO-2-N累积率分别稳定在(60±5)%、(85±5)%;此外,在每个周期的曝气反应时段,NH+4-N的去除速率以及NO-2-N和NO-3-N的累积速率分别保持在90mg·(L·h)-1、70 mg·(L·h)-1和15 mg·(L·h)-1左右.以上结果表明,限量进水时间的延长及其所造成的不同时间跨度的缺氧环境对硝化颗粒污泥没有较为显著的影响.     

Anoxic gas recirculation system for fouling control in anoxic membrane reactor

Anoxic gas recirculation system was applied to control the membrane fouling in pilot-scale 4-stage anoxic membrane bioreactor(MBR). In the anaerobic-anoxic-anoxic-aerobic flow scheme,hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) membrane(0.2 μm, 7.2 m2/module) was submerged in the second anoxic zone. During 8 months operation, the average flux of the membrane was 21.3L/(m2·hr). Chemical cleaning of the membrane was conducted only once with sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite. Dissolved oxygen(DO) concentration in the second anoxic zone was maintained with an average of 0.19 ± 0.05 mg/L. Gas chromatography analysis showed that the headspace gas in the second anoxic reactor was mainly consisted of N2(93.0% ± 2.5%), O2(3.8% ± 0.6%), and CO2(3.0% ± 0.5%), where the saturation DO concentration in liquid phase was 1.57 mg/L. Atmospheric O2 content(20.5% ± 0.8%) was significantly reduced in the anoxic gas. The average pH in the reactor was 7.2 ± 0.4. As a result, the recirculation of the anoxic gas was successfully applied to control the membrane fouling in the anoxic MBR.     

生物法处理高浓度H2S废气的现场试验

生物法处理废气的现场中试研究可为工业放大装置的设计和运行提供依据.采用规模为18 m³/h的中试装置现场处理某制药厂污水站含H₂S浓度238.2～891.5 mg/m³的废气,研究对比了生物滤床(BF)和生物滴滤床(BTF)2种工艺对废气中H₂S的去除效果和运行情况.试验表明,当气体空床停留时间(EBRT)为28 s时,在上述浓度范围内,BF和BTF均可几乎完全去除废气中的H2S,且运行稳定;BF的去除率随进口浓度的增加而减小,当EBRT为15 s,进口浓度从243.6 mg/m³增加到584.1 mg/m3时,去除率从95.2%下降到86.3%;BTF的去除率受进口浓度变化的影响较小,当EBRT为9 s时,在试验的浓度范围内,去除率达95%以上;BF和BTF的最大去除负荷分别为138 g/(m³.h)和205 g/(m³·h).床内生物膜中的菌落分析表明,BTF和BF填料表面的微生物都以细菌为主,但前者微生物生长密度高于后者.因此,综合考虑去除性能和运行控制等因素,工业放大装置宜采用BTF工艺.