Virtual phosphorus ore requirement of Japanese economy

Phosphorus is indispensable for agricultural production. Hence, the consumption of imported food indirectly implies the import of phosphorus resources. The global consumption of agricultural products depends on a small number of ore-producing countries. For sustainable management of phosphorus resources, the global supply and demand network should be clarified. In this study, we propose the virtual phosphorus ore requirement as a new indicator of the direct and indirect phosphorus requirements for our society. The virtual phosphorus ore requirement indicates the direct and indirect demands for phosphorus ore transformed into agricultural products and fertilizer. In this study, the virtual phosphorus ore requirement was evaluated for the Japanese economy in 2005. Importantly, the results show that our society requires twice as much phosphorus ore as the domestic demand for fertilizer production. The phosphorus contained in “eaten” agricultural products was only 12% of virtual phosphorus ore requirement.     

锶盐废渣含硫状态分析及硫含量的测定

锶盐废渣中硫的状态及含量不同其作用大不相同,有的呈现活性导致膨胀破坏,而有的则表现为惰性,因此有必要了解硫的存在状态及含量。分析表明锶盐废渣中硫主要以硫酸盐硫(SO3)和硫化物硫(S2-)两种形式存在。选择硫酸钡重量法和碘量法进行化学测定,然后用X-射线能谱仪进行元素定性分析;并将化学分析和仪器测定两种方法进行对比。结果表明,X-射线能谱法可以快捷、方便地探测锶渣所含各种元素,但不能确定元素的价态;化学分析方法可得到相对准确的元素含量;用硫酸钡重量法和碘量法联合测定锶渣中的硫含量,与X-射线能谱法相比,偏差仅为0.37%。     

Bacillus sp.处理含锑废水试验研究

利用某芽孢杆菌属微生物(Bacillus sp).对锑矿选矿废水进行了处理。研究微生物的接种量、作用时间、温度、体系pH值等对废水中Sb的去除效果的影响。结果表明:作用时间4 d、微生物接种量为5%、处理体系pH为2、最佳处理体系温度为30℃时,效果最佳,对废水中Sb的去除率达到99.75%,处理后废水中Sb的浓度由122.21 mg/L降低至0.30 mg/L,出水Sb浓度低于湖南省地方标准排放限值0.50 mg/L。     

The ignored emission of volatile organic compounds from iron ore sinter process

Iron ore sintering is a major source of gaseous and particulate pollutants emission in iron smelt plant. The aim of present study is to characterize the volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emission profiles from iron ore sintering process. Both sinter pot test and sinter simulation experiment were conducted and compared. Out results showed that sinter process produced large quantity of VOCs together with NOxand SO_2. VOCs and NO were produced simultaneously in sinter pot test from 3 to 24 min after ignition, flowed by SO_2 production from 15 min to the end of sintering. Total VOCs(TVOC) concentration in sinter flue gas was affected by the coal and coke ratio in sinter raw material. The maximum TVOC concentration was 34.5 ppm when using 100% coal as fuel. Sinter simulation experiments found that the number of VOCs species and their concentrations were found by sinter temperature. The largest VOCs species varieties were obtained at 500 °C. Benzene, toluene,xylene and ethylbenzene were major VOCs in sinter flue gas based on the results from both simulation test and sinter pot. It thus demonstrated that in addition to NO_x, SO_2 and metal oxide particles, sinter flue gas also contained significant amount of VOCs whose environmental impact cannot be ignored. Based on our work, it is timely needed to establish a new VOC emission standard for sinter flue gas and develop advanced techniques to simultaneously eliminate multi-pollutants in iron ore sinter process.     

湖南锡矿山周边土壤-农作物系统锑迁移转换特征及污染评价

为了解湖南锡矿山周边土壤与农产品锑(Sb)含量特征和污染状况,为锑矿区土壤锑污染防治和农田安全利用提供科学依据.以湖南锡矿山为研究区,采集周边不同区域农田土壤及相应农产品,共计193对,通过分析土壤锑含量、基本理化性质和农产品锑含量,研究锑在土壤-农产品系统中迁移和转换特征,并且对土壤及农产品进行安全评估.结果表明,矿...     

Geogenic Distribution of Arsenic (As) and Antimony (Sb) in Soils of the Murcia Region in Spain

The objective of this study was to determine the As and Sb contents in soils from the Murcia Region of Spain and the possible relationship between the mineralogical composition, soil properties, and As and Sb concentrations. In this study, 490 samples were selected from areas with different characteristics in order to study As and Sb variability. Results show that As and Sb concentrations are positively correlated with the phyllosilicate and quartz content but negatively correlated with the calcite content. The generic reference level (GRL) for these elements was determined according to the Spanish legislation. Established GRL values vary according to the established mineralogical groups, suggesting that GRL has to be determined considering the lithological characteristics of the study area.     

空区处理与残矿回采对围岩及地表影响的数值模拟分析

为了提高矿山企业开采的生产效益及确保施工中设备人员的生命财产安全,采用现场声波测试试验与室内物理力学试验得出的力学参数,应用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,在空区顶板-矿柱体系简化为弹性矩形薄板-H-K体流变力学模型的基础上,分析空区处理与残矿回采对围岩及地表的影响规律。结果表明:矿区三中段充填回采过程中压应力最大值出现在Ⅲ-10开采之后,右帮壁形成了9. 8 MPa的压应力集中区;拉应力区域主要存在于充填体内,且大部分拉应力超过了充填体抗拉强度幅值0. 12 MPa;地表移动带范围内垂直方向位移保持在0～1 mm。实际施工中应采取加强充填体强度达0. 27 MPa以上或保留部分矿体支撑顶板等措施确保回采安全。     

The nature and significance of public exposure to arsenic: a review of its relevance to South West England

In South West England, more than two hundred years of intensive exploitation of metalliferous ore deposits, combined with the natural processes of pedogenesis from mineral-rich parent rocks, has resulted in the creation of a aignificant area of arsenic-contaminated wastes and soils. The scale of arsenic dispersion by natural and anthropogenic processes is such that 722 km² of land contains concentrations of arsenic in excess of 110 g g^–1, more than twice the maximum that might be expected in a normal soil.The general rationale for the clean-up of derelict and contaminated mining sites often includes aesthetic factors and the desirability of preventing the dispersion of contaminants beyond the site boundaries. Only in extreme cases is public health directly invoked as justification for remediation. In South West England, if arsenic constitutes a genuine threat to the public, an increased rate of site remediation would be justified. The primary purpose of this review is to establish whether or not widespread arsenic contamination (principally of soils) has any measurable effects on public health in South West England, and how this might affect current contaminated site remediation policy. The review is based on data from previous research in the region, and other relevant international studies of mining and smelting communities, and other populations exposed to elevated arsenic concentrations. The literature reviewed also includes the determination of the extent and sources of contamination, and pathways between source and man.While the contamination of potable waters in some countries has led to measurable health effects, this scenario has not yet been identified in South West England, and there is little reason to believe that significantly contaminated potable water supplies would escape detection for extended periods of time under the current monitoring regime.In relative terms (based on both globaland local data), one of the most significant links between contaminated soils and humans appears to be contaminated food stuffs. In absolute terms, such exposure is low due to the natural constraints on arsenic uptake by herbage, cereal crops and vegetables, and the food chain does not appear to have been significantly compromised in South West England. Chronic health effects are unlikely as excessive arsenic concentrations in locally grown food crops remain rare.With the problems of confounding medical and social factors, it is not surprising that studies in South West England have failed to identify chronic exposure to arsenic at very low concentrations as a significant health risk. Those studies that indicate otherwise do not stand up to close scrutiny. It appears that the number of additional deaths arising from the widespread arsenic contamination in South West England is small. The relative benefits of a costly statistical study to actually determine the number of additional deaths might be considered minimal, but one major area could benefit from further studies: the sensitivity of certain population sub-groups to environmental arsenic exposure. Of particular interest are children, for whom significant exposure to arsenic via soil ingestion may be occurring.Based on available information, there appears to be no justification for a large programme of site remediation. Resources should, however, be expended on enlightening the general public, and private and governmental organisations as regards the gap between the perceived and actual significance of arsenic contamination in South West England.To whom correspondence should be addressed.     

初论元素富集成矿的地球化学机理—以岩浆热液矿床的形成为例

元素富集成矿的过程实质上是元素在地球不同圈层和不同相以及不同集合体之间分配的结果。元素的富集起始于地球形成的初期。对于大多数金属成矿元素 ,地壳特别是上地壳是大多数矿石和矿胎的储库 ,地壳丰度是元素富集成矿的物质基础。元素在地质体系演化共存相间的分配是元素富集成矿的关键过程。对于以侵入体为中心的热液矿床的形成 ,岩浆部分熔融、结晶分异、液态分离、挥发分分离以及气液相不混溶等过程能够导致金属元素最终达到矿石级的富集。挥发分则是元素富集成矿的重要制约因素     

贵州独山锑矿田地质地球化学特征和构造动力热液成矿

独山锑矿田位于独山箱状背斜核部近倾伏端,矿床、矿体的产出严格受断裂控制,其半坡式锑矿呈脉状产于下泥盆统、志留系碎屑岩的陡倾斜断裂中;其巴年式的锑矿呈层状产于中泥盆统碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩之间的层间滑动带中。成矿温度低,矿石组分和围岩蚀变简单,锑主要来源于下伏地层,硫主要来源于赋矿地层．成矿流体主要为大气降水,构造动力成矿作用导致锑矿床的形成,矿床类型为一典型的构过动对热液矿床。