生态建筑与绿色化学建材

提出建立生态意识是实现生态建筑的基础，介绍了建筑生态设计和中国生态建筑的发展问题，并讨论了化学建材的发展问题。     

谈可持续发展的生态建筑

论述了建设生态建筑使人类社会持续发展的重要性 ,并介绍了生态建筑设计的方法及国内外目前生态建筑的设计与实践。     

生态园林与城市环境保护

阐述了生态园林的概念以及它在城市环境保护中的重要作用，讨论了在实施生态园林计划中如何保护、治理城市环境的一些措施，包括城市自然性的恢复，城市的逆境治理和城市的生物多样性的保护与发展等。急切呼吁将生态园林建设同建设环境保护有机地结合起来。     

磷胁迫条件下北美红杉幼苗生长的适应性反应

采用温室盆栽的方法探讨了不同的P质量浓度(0、0.018、0.036、0.054、0.071、0.108、0.142和0.213g.L-1,以0.071g.L-1作为对照)处理下北美红杉一年生幼苗生物量及根系生长的反应,结果表明,P供应不足时,幼苗将更多的生物量分配到地下以扩大根系的生长,地下/地上生物量比率增加,缺P时为0.47。高水平供P条件下,增加幅度较大,供P水平增加2倍时,达0.66。幼苗细根/叶生物量比率与地下/地上生物量比率变化规律相似。当供P水平较低时,幼苗的一级侧根数增多,根系的分枝密度增加,二级侧根节点之间距离减小,细根的特定根长增加,这些根系结构特征的变化有利于幼苗吸收更多的养分和水分。P养分供应适宜时,幼苗增加了地上部分的分枝数,以争取更多的地上资源空间。     

SPACSYS: Integration of a 3D root architecture component to carbon, nitrogen and water cycling—Model description

It is an ongoing challenge to develop and demonstrate management practices that increase the sustainability of agricultural systems. Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics directly affect soil quality, crop productivity and environmental impacts. Root systems are central to the acquisition of water and nutrients by plants, but are also a major pathway for the inputs of carbon and nutrients to soil. The complexity of both biotic and abiotic interactions, combined with stochastic changes in root architecture, makes it difficult to understand below-ground dynamics on the basis of experimentation alone. The integration of dynamic models of above-ground growth, three-dimensional root system demography, and interactions between plants and the environment, into one single model is a major challenge because of the complexity of the systems.In order to understand the interaction between a plant and the environment, it is advantageous to develop a model framework to integrate submodels that simulate various plant and environmental components. The objective of this paper is to outline a mechanistic and process-based model, which is capable of simulating interactions among environmental conditions around plants, plant growth and development, nitrogen and carbon cycles, with a three-dimensional root system submodel as an interface.The model presented in this paper is a mixed dimensional, multi-layer, field scale, weather-driven and daily time-step dynamic simulation model. The current version includes a plant growth and development component, a nitrogen cycling component, a carbon cycling component, plus a soil water component that includes representation of water flow to field drains as well as downwards through the soil layers, together with a heat transfer component. The components themselves and linkage among components are designed using object-oriented techniques, which makes the model robust, understandable and reusable. The components are implemented in the C++ programming language, and inputs and outputs of all components are organised as a database in either Microsoft^® SQL Server 2000, Access 2000 or MySQL5.0. Root architecture is visualised by using the OpenGL graphics system. Preliminary validation with two separate experimental datasets shows that the model can reasonably simulate root systems, nitrogen cycling, water movement and plant growth.     

松嫩草地羊草克隆构型特征在不同种群密度下的可塑性

对不同密度羊草(Leymuschinensis)种群的克隆构型特征进行了调查,比较在资源水平相对一致时,羊草克隆构型特征,如根茎节间长度、间隔子长度、分枝距离和分枝角度,对种群密度变化的可塑性.结果表明:随着种群密度增加,羊草根茎节间长度和间隔子长度逐渐减小,分枝角度增大,且分枝角度在不同密度间差异显著.分枝角度的频率分布格局在不同密度间也存在显著差异,种群密度高时,羊草根茎具有更多的大分枝角.此外,羊草根茎节间长度、间隔子长度和分枝角度与其种群密度具有较强的冥函数关系.羊草根茎克隆特征在不同密度间具有较强的可塑性,当种群密度低时,羊草克隆特征更趋于“游击型”;随着种群密度的增加,其“游击型”特征减弱. 图2表2参19     

大型气候环境实验室综合控制管理系统网络结构设计

开展了大型气候环境实验室综合控制管理系统设计,以满足实验室飞机气候环境试验需求。通过梳理大型气候环境实验室工艺系统组成,分析了试验任务对试验过程控制、试验测试、数据管理、试验监控和试验信息展示等多方面需求,明确了综合控制管理系统功能,进行系统划分。综合运用当下主流的工业自动化过程控制方式,进行了实验室综合管控系统设计。搭建了实验室的综合控制管理系统网络结构,定义了网络通讯方式。该网络结构可作为综合控制管理系统各组成部分开展深化设计依据。     

The relationship between daylight and happiness for women in residential districts of Isfahan,Iran

This study explores the relationship between daylight exposure in urban residential units and the mood/happiness of nonworking female residents (housewives) in Isfahan, Iran. A growing body of evidence points to the physiological and psychological benefits of daylight, yet few studies have focused on the relationship between residential daylight and women's mental health. A cross‐sectional study was conducted using two‐stage random cluster sampling of nonworking female occupants of buildings in four residential districts. Mood/happiness was determined using the Oxford Happiness Inventory and the Fordyce Happiness Inventory. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the variables. A significant relationship was found between residents’ happiness and the amount of daylight in their residential units (Oxford Inventory, r = 0.68, P < 0.05; Fordyce Inventory, r = 0.53, P < 0.05). The findings suggest that features of physical residential environments, such as daylight, may be linked to the happiness of housewives. Persons belonging to various demographic groups who spend the majority of their time indoors (e.g., housewives, children, elderly individuals, and people with disabilities) are most dependent on architecture and environmental design for their well‐being, and therefore, are most affected by design decisions.     

基于保护优先的我国古建筑旅游发展研究

古建筑旅游是目前我国旅游发展的一大趋势，古建筑保护与旅游发展的矛盾是我国古建筑实现可持续旅游发展与科学保护的核心问题。从旅游学角度研究古建筑的保护及其发展，首先对古建筑的旅游认识进行了阐述，剖析了古建筑保护面临的问题，进而提出若干建议与对策，以期能“延年益寿”和可持续发展。     

Land system architecture for urban sustainability: new directions for land system science illustrated by application to the urban heat island problem

ABSTRACT

Land system science (LSS) has expanded its research focus from the drivers of land-use and -cover change primarily in rural wildlands to include the social-environmental consequences of this change, urban areas, and sustainability practice. Land system architecture, interacting with the landscape mosaic approach in ecology, offers a special niche for the entry of rural areas and wildlands into urban sustainability research through examinations of the composition and configuration of ‘cityscapes’. Given the fine-grain data requirements of heterogeneous cityscapes, emergent land architecture-mosaic approaches have largely explored the urban heat island (UHI) problem, a topic that links LSS with the interests of urban climatology, engineering, and planning in city morphology or geometry. The subtle distinctions in the treatment of land configuration between land architecture-mosaic approaches and urban morphology-geometry approaches are identified. Several examples of the land architecture-mosaic approach illustrate the understanding gained about the UHI problem as well as its complementarity with morphology-geometry approaches. This understanding provides insights about the design of urban areas at the parcel to neighborhood scales to ameliorate extreme temperatures, an issue of increasing concern for urban areas worldwide and consistent with the sustainability problems identified by such international programs as Future Earth.