复合人工湿地-池塘养殖生态系统细菌多样性研究

于2009年8至10月对比调查研究了由人工湿地-池塘养殖复合构成的池塘循环水养殖系统和传统池塘养殖系统中水体理化和生物特征,并利用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE)分析了两系统中的细菌多样性。研究结果表明:试验期间各池塘水温和溶氧随月份呈下降趋势,对照塘NH4+-N和TP显著高于循环塘(P＜0.05),而循环塘间无显著差...     

固定化微生物技术对养殖水体脱氮的研究进展

固定化微生物技术是一种有效去除养殖水体中氨氮等污染物质的生物处理新技术.对微生物固定化方法进行了分类,归纳了微生物固定化的主要特征以及反应器类型,讨论了影响微生物固定化的重要因素.综述了固定化微生物技术在养殖水体脱氮中国内外的研究现状,并针对相关问题提出了今后的研究和发展方向.     

循环流水产养殖系统净化研究

文章研究了不同水力停留时间和壳聚糖的投加对循环流水产养殖系统的影响,结果表明,当水力停留时间为8 h,系统内除磷,除氨氮、COD效果明显,通过生物滤池和植物滤池的去除,NO2-浓度下降,植物滤池平均出水浓度总磷1.60 mg/L、氨氮0.016 mg/L、COD为21.788 mg/L;养鱼池投加壳聚糖,出水的色度和浊度都明显降低。     

栅藻LX1在水产养殖废水中的生长、脱氮除磷和油脂积累特性

利用高含油脂微藻处理废水,可以实现废水处理与生物柴油生产的耦合,已成为废水处理领域新的研究方向.研究了1株高含油脂的淡水栅藻LX1（Scenedesmus sp.LX1）在水产养殖废水中的生长、脱氮除磷和油脂积累特性.结果表明,栅藻LXl在该废水中的内禀生长速率、最大种群密度和最大种群生物量增长速率分别为0.44 d-1、7.46×106个.mL-1和0.82×106个.（mL.d）-1.培养至稳定期后,栅藻LXl对废水中的氨氮、亚硝态氮、硝态氮和磷的去除率分别为95.5%、96.3%、85.8%和98.8%;其生物量干重为0.38 g.L-1,单位藻细胞油脂含量高达31.6%.因此,栅藻LXl在水产养殖废水的净化和资源化方面具有较大优势,适于作为耦合工艺的优选藻种.     

A study on aquaculture industry regulations and policies of globally representative states

Aquaculture has a long history,and has achieved rapid development from 1950 to 2010,especially since the 1990s.Nevertheless,aquaculture has also seen a series of problems emerge.Inevitably,aquaculture interacts with the environment and society.Rapid development requires that close attention be paid to potential environmental and social impacts and their prevention or mitigation.The development and management of aquaculture is related closely with a variety of legal and institutional arrangements.Thus,aquaculture raises numerous legal and institutional issues.This paper explores actual legal and institutional practices of global representative aquaculture countries and provides a comprehensive account of the legislation and policies of different countries.Further,this paper reveals that the optimal legal framework for aquaculture is in line with related international regulations(especially the soft laws)and strictly operational,and the corresponding policy framework should establish early access and warning,as well as post assessment and feedback mechanisms.     

池塘养殖生态系统空气调节服务价值的实证研究

生态服务价值的评估对于研究人员、政策制定者和公众都有重大意义，而农业生态系统价值往往集中于食物的供给价值，而生态系统的调控服务价值、支持服务价值和文化服务价值往往被忽略。空气调控服务属于生态系统调控服务中的一种，通过按季度检测池塘养殖水体的叶绿素a含量，计算养殖池塘的初级生产力，再以工业制氧法、碳税法和造林成本法估算了常规鱼类池塘养殖生态系统空气调节服务价值。结果表明：常规鱼类池塘养殖生态系统空气调节服务总价值为63 42248 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2。考虑到系统内部耗氧和向系统外释放含碳气体导致的价值损失，常规鱼类池塘养殖生态系统空气调节服务总净价值为28 88674 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2，其中固碳净价值为 25 46328 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2，释放氧气的净价值为3 42346 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2。相较44 0221 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2的池塘养殖水产品的市场价值，空气调节服务价值超过养殖水产品市场价值的一半以上，表明池塘养殖的生态服务价值对人类社会的贡献不可忽视。研究认为，由于池塘藻类的高增长率，常规水产池塘养殖系统空气调节服务价值高于一些种植业生态系统的空气调节服务价值。     

PCBs,PCDDs and PCDFs in soil samples from uncontrolled burning of waste electrical material for metal reclamation

PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs have been analysed in soil samples where waste electrical equipment has been burned directly on the ground in three locations of Burgos (Spain). High levels of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs were detected in the centre of combustion sites. The results show PCB levels between 0.824 and 1.240 μg/g, and PCDDs and PCDFs levels between 8.73–36.37 ng/g and 12.79–50.95 ng/g. The I‐TEF values between 2.96–9.15 for dioxins and furans indicate that these soils are heavily polluted and may represent a risk for human and animal health.     

Assessing aquaculture sustainability: a comparative methodology

Little work dealing with the evaluation of aquaculture system sustainability has so far been undertaken on a global and comparative basis. Moreover, such work is mostly based on very unbalanced approaches in terms of the dimensions of sustainable development that are taken into account. The approach adopted in this article is designed to encompass all the dimensions of sustainability including the institutional one (governance). The taking into account of this latter, in particular, together with the role played by aquaculture in sustainability at the territorial level gives the approach its original and innovative nature. The process of establishing the checklist of sustainability indicators in aquaculture relies on a hierarchical nesting approach which makes it possible to link indicators with general sustainability criteria and principles. At once multidisciplinary and participatory, the approach compares several countries with highly differentiated types of aquaculture system. An original finding from this work is that the technically most intensive farming model scores better than more extensive systems, which might have been thought to be closer to natural systems in their environmental dimension and therefore intuitively more ‘sustainable’. This result suggests relating sustainability outcomes to the level of control and of devolved responsibilities.     

基于不同评估方法的养殖池塘富营养化环境成本研究——以上海青浦地区常规鱼类养殖池塘为例

采用物料平衡法、置换成本法、条件价值评估法（CVM）和COD价格法对池塘养殖环境成本进行评估。结果显示,基于4种评估方法估算得到的池塘养殖环境成本由大到小依次为置换成本法（4 400元.a-1.hm-2）、COD价格法（4 191.99元.a-1.hm-2）、物料平衡法（3 925.76元.a-1.hm-2）和CVM法（2 007.8元.a-1.hm-2）,认为在不考虑时间和经济成本的前提下,基于COD价格法测算得到的结果可能最接近于环境成本的真实值。采用4种评估方法测得的环境成本占常规鱼类养殖经济总收益的6%～14%,表明采取相关措施防治水产养殖环境污染很有必要。