北京地区2003～2007年人类活动氮累积状况研究

人类活动引起的生态系统的氮输入和累积对区域环境特别是水环境有着潜在的重要影响.引入人类活动净氮累积的概念(net anthropogenic nitrogen accumulation,NANA),将NANA定义为人类活动氮的输入和输出之差,它是通过大气沉降、肥料应用、人类食物和动物饲料、氮固定和河流的累积这五项来计算...     

Nitrate leaching under vegetable field above a shallow aquifer in Slovenia

In the search for new technologies that would ensure optimum yield and environmental sustainability, various irrigation, nitrogen and cropping system management strategies for the production of vegetables with a shorter growing period were assessed at a benchmark site in Slovenia for the years 2006 and 2007. In the studied years four irrigation and fertilization treatments were applied: (1) 50% drip irrigation of plants water requirements ET_crop and the farmer's practice of fertilisation (broadcasting), (2) fertilisation and 100% drip irrigation (fertigation), (3) the farmer's practice of irrigation (sprinkler irrigation using water stored in plastic tanks) and fertilisation, and (4) control (the farmer's practice of irrigation but no fertilisation). An equivalent of 80, 80 and 200 kg ha⁻¹ of nitrogen (N), 50, 50 and 80 kg ha⁻¹ of phosphorous (P) and 120, 120 and 300 kg ha⁻¹ of potassium (K) was added for iceberg lettuce, endive and cabbage, respectively. Nitrogen (N) labelled fertilizer (¹⁵N) was applied to trace the movement of the applied N fertiliser. The tested irrigation and fertilisation techniques for the production of vegetables with a shorter growing period in the Slovenian climate showed that environmentally sustainable practices (split application of nutrients compared to broadcast incorporating fertilisation) should be a practice of choice in water protection zones. The results confirm that fertigation and improved irrigation scheduling can be an effective way of minimizing nitrate leaching, and should be considered for vegetable production in or close to groundwater protection zones.     

Is the Swedish environmental technology sector ‘green’?

The Environmental technology (ET) sector delivers environmentally preferably products. Little is known about whether companies in the ET sector set environmental objectives relating to their own production processes. This paper presents results from an online survey on environmental work in enterprises listed by the Swedish Environmental Technology Council (Swentec). The survey found that depending on the specific subsector, only between 21% and 45% of companies provide information about their environmental work on their website. This paper proposes environmental aspects of production and products as bases for corporate greening and for defining ‘green’ and ‘green-green’ business and identifies three main motivations for the companies within ET sector to operate as ‘green-green’ businesses: ‘competitive advantage’, ‘environmental responsibility’ and ‘environmental leadership’.     

Resource productivity enhancement as means for promoting cleaner production: analysis of co-incineration in cement plants through a life cycle approach

The objective of this paper is to assess the environmental effectiveness of a strategic measure aimed at resource productivity enhancement. The cement industry has been identified as a relevant sector for this global issue, since the related production process enables the use of waste in partial substitution of raw materials and in substitution of traditional fuels. The analysis of the cement production sector in Italy has been here performed, investigating the recovery of energy from waste through co-incineration. In terms of air emissions, the emission performances of cement kilns appear independent from the use of alternative fuels at the percentages usually employed. However, in order to measure the cleanliness of a production system, systematic analysis with global perspective is needed. For this aim, the principles of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) have been used for a case study analysis of an Italian active plant using an amount of recovered plastics as an alternative fuel resource. The improvement on the investigated process has been quantitatively measured as a way for cleaner production, first in terms of gross energy requirement, and then through an environmental performance comparison with a sector benchmark. The analysis has highlighted the benefits on the global environmental balance for the practice of co-incineration in the cement production process.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in atmosphere and soil of a production area in China: Levels and partitioning

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in atmosphere and soil samples taken in winter and summer at a PBDE production area of Laizhou Bay in China. The concentrations of P11PBDE were 0.017–1.17 ng/m3 in gaseous phase, 0.5–161.1 ng/m3 in particulate phase, and 73–2629 ng/g dry weight in soil samples. The PBDE congener pattern in the gaseous phase di ered from that in the particulate phase, and the PBDE congener pattern in the particulate phase was similar with that in soil. This demonstrated that there was little di erence with atmospheric particle-soil transfer e ciency among PBDE congeners. In addition, there were seasonal variations in percentages on particle for lower brominated congeners. The BDE-28 was mostly in the gaseous phase in summer (88.3%), whereas the average proportion of BDE-28 in gaseous phase in winter was 38.9%. Higher brominated congeners (i.e., BDE-206, BDE- 207, BDE-208, and BDE-209) were bound to the atmospheric particulate phase, and their potentials for long-range migration were mainly a ected by the environmental behavior of atmospheric particles. Results indicated that PBDE congeners in summer were closer to gas-particle partition equilibrium than in winter. Temperature should be considered the main factor causing nonequilibrium in winter.     

马铃薯渣固态发酵产复合酶的条件研究

以马铃薯淀粉生产中产牛的废渣为主要原料,黑曲霉为发酵菌种,采用固体发酵方法,通过单因素实验,研究了马铃薯渣初始含水量、碳源、氮源、接种量等不同因素对产酶的影响,确定了马铃薯渣发酵产生复合酶的最佳条件为:马铃薯渣初始含水量为50%,马铃薯渣:麸皮=6:4,硫酸铵添加量2.0%,接种量为5%,发酵时间3 d.在优化条件下,...     

冀中能源峰峰集团清洁生产工作的实践与创新

开展清洁生产环保对标工作是峰峰集团实现建设绿色矿区、和谐矿区、富强矿区的重要途径,为了实现企业经济结构转变、提高企业污染防治水平、提高企业资源综合利用,峰峰集团从2008年至今,紧紧围绕国家清洁生产环保先进水平的标准,全面推行实施清洁生产审核,开展了在资源综合高效利用、降低污染物排放等方面的环保对标和实践工作,＂废物＂资源利用指标也达到了国内同行业清洁生产先进水平,通过清洁生产环保对标工作的实施,不仅改善了环境,实现了绿色开采,同时又促进了企业的和谐发展、科学发展。     

皮革行业环境影响评价中的清洁生产分析

通过对皮革项目清洁生产评价实例分析,阐述了皮革项目清洁生产评价的编写内容．以期为同类项目的清洁生产评价提供参考。     

固体废弃物填埋场的安全生产

分析了固体废弃物填埋场存在的安全隐患,提出了一些综合性安全防范措施。     

天津市热镀锌企业清洁生产审核实践探索

以热镀锌企业清洁生产审核为例,归纳审核技术要点,总结了天津市第一批重点企业实施清洁生产审核的经验。