有色金属国际价格波动的影响因素研究

有色金属作为国际上流通量较大的大宗产品,近年来其价格的频繁剧烈波动受到学界和业界的高度关注。从有色金属国际贸易的交易量数据看,中国、美国、巴西等20个国家是有色金属国际贸易的主体,贸易量较大的是铜、铝、铅、锌四种有色金属。本文选取了国际贸易中铜、铝、铅、锌四种有色金属的主要进口国和出口国,在已有研究的基础上,从供需、实体经济和货币金融三个维度选取变量,运用国家之间构成的面板数据,建立PVAR模型,分析四种有色金属价格的波动及其影响因素;通过铜、铝、铅、锌四种有色金属价格的脉冲响应函数,比较分析铜、铝、铅、锌四种有色金属价格波动影响因素的不同。研究发现:(1)铜、铝、铅、锌四种有色金属价格波动均受国内生产总值和货币供应量的影响,供需因素对有色金属价格产生长期的影响,货币供给量对有色金属价格的影响短暂而剧烈;(2)国内生产总值和贸易量与铜价的波动密切相关,货币供应量和消费者价格指数与铝、铅、锌价格的波动密切相关;(3)有色金属主要贸易国的各个变量对铜、铝、铅、锌价格波动的贡献程度不同。铜贸易国的贸易量对铜价波动的贡献度要高于其他有色金属贸易国家;铝、铅、锌贸易国家的金融因素对铝、铅、锌价格的影响要强于铜贸易国家。最后,本文从进口国角度对中国有色金属进口提出了建议:中国是铜、铝、铅、锌四种有色金属的最大进口国,应密切关注有色金属价格走势,建立健全有色金属价格的实时监测和预警机制,加快对有色金属价格波动的反应速度,利用金融手段避险趋利。     

Application of radiometric analysis in the study of provenance and transport processes of Brazilian coastal sediments

Natural gamma radiation of beach sand deposits was measured along the south coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, with the aim of studying the provenance and transport processes of sediments in this area. Concentrations of thorium, uranium and potassium were evaluated using γ-ray spectrometry and a behavioral study of eTh/eU and eTh/K cross plots was performed, reflecting the mineralogical properties of beach sands, as well as their history of transport and sorting processes. The results show that such technique can be efficiently used to map heavy mineral distributions and to distinguish the different origins of coastal sediments disclosing the influence of nearby rivers.     

基于3S技术的矿产资源开发景观格局动态变化研究——以木里县梭罗沟金矿改扩建工程为例

本文在阐述3S技术特点的基础上,以四川省木里县梭罗沟金矿改扩建工程所在地的梭罗沟和如米沟为研究区,介绍了3S技术在景观格局信息提取的技术要求、数据收集和工作流程,并对研究区景观格局的提取结果进行了动态变化预测与分析。实例研究证明,3S技术是景观生态学研究的重要技术工具,应用3S技术开展矿产资源开发景观格局动态评价,可以准确、快速地提取景观格局的主要特征指标,掌握景观格局现状、预测其动态变化特征、揭示其变化规律,满足区域景观格局研究的要求。本研究方法适用于生态类建设项目或区域开发规划的景观格局中短期动态预测研究,不宜用于景观格局长期的动态预测。     

AHP法在区域矿产资源综合经济评价中的应用

本文运用AHP法对某省20种主要矿产进行了综台经侪评价,确定了该省经济优势矿产、潜在优势矿产和劣势矿产,为制定该省矿产资源开发战略提供了科学依据。     

The minerals sector, sectoral analysis, and economic development

Sectoral analysis, a new branch of political science, alleges that mineral extraction creates a socio-political climate that promotes inflexible statism, which in turn leads to substandard development performance. The theory, that mineral economies underperform bureaucratically and economically, is said not only to hold in a post-dictive sense for the mature mineral economies, such as Zambia, but also in a predictive sense for the newer mineral economies, such as Ecuador. This essay reviews and assesses this hypothesis in the light of the empirical evidence comparing mineral production, state capacity, and economic performance. It finds that the sectoralist view is supportable only in selected cases, and is not a general result.     

从化学加工工艺谈磷矿物的分类及其意义

作者认为磷矿物是以固溶体形式出现的一组含氟磷酸钙盐,多种矿物盐的组合常以其最为稳定的形式,即能量最低的状态存在。因此,作者对磷矿物的分类不是从矿物类型而是以能量方程式所具有的特征系数进行分类。根据矿物类型建立P_2O_5枸溶率、晶胞参数a_0轴的模拟方程。分类结果:自然界的磷矿物共分高氟磷灰石、富氟磷灰石、低碳氟磷灰石,氟磷灰石和低氟磷灰石五类。由于磷矿物中的氟含量直接影响了磷矿物的各种性质,而磷矿煅烧(包括脱氟磷肥生产)过程实质上是模拟磷矿在自然界的变质过程,使P_2O_5枸溶率和化学反应性下降。因而可根据本文分类对磷矿物的应用进行直接评价。     

次生石英岩型非金属矿床蚀变建造的矿物学研究

本文总结了火山成因的次生石英岩型非金属矿床中蚀变矿物的共生组合类型及在空间上的分带,主要蚀变矿物的矿物学特征(包括标型特征)及其形成与转变;指出这些特征和转变在不同方面指示成矿原岩性质,矿床形成温度,成矿溶液物化条件的变化过程。     

矿物材料预处理对餐厨垃圾高温厌氧消化过程的影响

选用4种矿物材料对400g餐厨垃圾在35℃下进行4h好氧预处理,比较了预处理前后餐厨垃圾水解率的变化,并且详细研究了预处理对餐厨垃圾高温厌氧消化过程及产沼气效果的影响.结果表明:在同等条件下,添加矿物材料可以有效促进餐厨垃圾的水解,其中添加1.25%(质量分数,以餐厨垃圾湿基计)膨润土和添加2.5%轻烧MgO的处理水解率分别达到了96.79%和96.51%.轻烧MgO有效地缓解了餐厨垃圾由于酸化引起的pH值下降,使产气高峰期较早来到;而在总产气量上添加白云石粉的促进作用显著.膨润土次之,其中添加2.5%白云石粉的总产气量最高,为10925mL.添加矿物材料降低了消化液中钠离子的浓度,可减轻对产甲烷细菌的抑制作用.     

海洋沉积物的环境磁学研究简述

环境磁学是一门介于地球科学、环境科学和磁学之间的边缘学科,可提供大量有关区域或全球环境变化及人类活动对环境影响等的重要信息.海洋沉积物是当前环境磁学研究的主要领域之一.根据最近20多a的研究成果,本文简述了海洋沉积物中的磁性矿物和磁学性质及其古环境意义等方面所取得的进展.     

Sorption and desorption of diuron on Typic Argiudoll,Oxic Argiudoll and on their clay fractions: environmental aspects

Abstract

The sorption and desorption of diuron by soil samples from Horizons A and B (HA and HB) and by their different clay fractions were investigated, using two soil samples, classified as Typic Argiudoll and Oxic Argiudoll. The sorption and desorption curves were adjusted to the Freundlich model and evaluated by parameters K_f, K_d and K_oc. Based on the data of groundwater ubiquity score (GUS), leachability index (LIX) and hysteresis index (HI), the risk of groundwater pollution was evaluated. The K_d values obtained for soil samples were between 4.5?mL g^?1 (Oxic Argiudoll – HB) and 15.9?mL g^?1 (Typic Argiudoll – HA) and between 1.13 and 14.0?mL g^?1 for the different mineral fractions, whereas the K_oc values varied between 276 (Oxic Argiudoll – HB) and 462 (Typic Argiudoll – HA). According to the parameter GUS, only Oxic Argiudoll – HB presented leaching potential, and based on the LIX index this same soil presented the highest leaching potential. Some samples presented low LIX and GUS values, indicating no leaching potential, but none presented HI results indicative of hysteresis, suggesting weak bonds between diuron and the soil samples and, hence, the risk of groundwater pollution by diuron.